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Questions and Answers
Who discovered the atom?
John Dalton
Who discovered the proton?
Who discovered the neutron?
Who discovered the electron?
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Electrons have a positive charge.
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What is the nucleus of an atom made of?
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The atomic number is represented by the letter ___.
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The mass number is the total number of protons and ___ in the nucleus.
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What is the formula to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
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What is the mass of an electron compared to protons and neutrons?
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Which particle has a charge of +1?
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What does a neutral atom have equal amounts of?
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The number of nucleons in an atom is equal to the number of ___ plus the number of ___.
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Study Notes
Scientists and Atomic Discoveries
- John Dalton is credited with the discovery of the atom.
- Information on the discoverers of the proton, neutron, and electron is not provided.
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are the fundamental units of matter.
- Each atom consists of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
- Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, the center of the atom.
- Electrons orbit the nucleus in paths called shells.
Types of Subatomic Particles
- Protons: Charge +1, mass 1, located in the nucleus.
- Neutrons: Charge 0, mass 1, located in the nucleus.
- Electrons: Charge -1, mass 1/1840, found in shells around the nucleus.
- The number of nucleons is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Atomic Number
- The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
- In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the atomic number.
- Atomic number determines an element's position on the Periodic Table.
Atomic Mass
- The nucleon number (A) is the total count of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- Nucleon number is also known as mass number.
- The number of neutrons can be calculated as: Number of neutrons = Mass number - Protons.
Atomic Notation
- Atomic notation presents an element's atomic and mass numbers.
- The Atomic Number (proton number) is usually displayed above the element symbol, while the relative atomic mass is shown below.
Finding Subatomic Particles
- The number of protons can be determined from the atomic number.
- In neutral atoms, the number of protons equals the number of electrons.
- Neutron count can be calculated using: Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons.
Elements and Their Protons
- Each element is defined by its unique number of protons.
- Examples: Helium has 2 protons, Lithium has 3 protons, Gold has 79 protons.
- Proton number and atomic number are synonymous.
Periodic Table Insights
- Elements are organized in the Periodic Table by their atomic (proton) numbers.
- Example notation for Carbon:
- Proton number: 6
- Nucleon number: 12
- Neutron number: 6
- Electron configuration: 2, 4
- Group: 4, Period: 2
Shells and Configuration
- Atoms have shells which accommodate electrons.
- The arrangement of electrons in these shells influences the chemical properties of the element.
Example of Boron Structure
- Boron (B) has a proton count of 5 and a mass number of 11, indicating its composition of particles.
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Description
This quiz covers fundamental concepts of atomic structure, including the discovery of the atom and the roles of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons. It also highlights the importance of atomic number and mass in understanding elements on the Periodic Table.
