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Atomic Structure and Classification of Matter

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Atomic Structure and Classification of Matter

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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between the number of valence electrons and the group number of an element on the periodic table?

The group number indicates the number of valence electrons for elements in that group. (correct)

There is no relationship between the number of valence electrons and the group number.

The number of valence electrons is always one less than the group number.

Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons.

What is the difference between a substance and a mixture?

Substances are always liquids or solids, while mixtures can be gases, liquids, or solids.

Mixtures are always homogeneous, while substances are always heterogeneous.

Substances have a fixed composition, while mixtures can vary in composition. (correct)

Substances are made up of multiple elements, while mixtures are made up of only one element.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a pure substance?

Sugar (C12H22O11)

Air (correct)

Gold (Au)

Salt (NaCl)

What is the primary difference between atoms of different elements?

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between period number and the number of electron shells in an atom?

<p>The period number is equal to the number of electron shells in an atom. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Period (in chemistry)

A period represents the number of orbitals of an element in the periodic table.

Valence Electron

Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, involved in bonding.

Substance

Material with a definite composition (elements or compounds).

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances where each retains its properties.

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Atom

The smallest unit of an element, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

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Study Notes

Atomic Structure and Classification of Matter

Elements have unique atoms, the smallest unit of an element.
Periods represent the number of orbitals in an atom. Period 1 has 1 orbital.
Group IA elements have 1 valence electron in their outermost shell.
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom.

Matter Classifications

Matter is classified into substances and mixtures.
Substances are further divided into elements and compounds.
Mixtures can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Specific examples of substance types include acids, bases, and salts.
Elements can be metals, non-metals, or metalloids.

Atomic Particles

Atoms consist of protons (+), neutrons (+/-), and electrons (-).

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Description

Test your knowledge on the atomic structure and the classification of matter with this quiz. Explore the unique characteristics of elements, the layout of the periodic table, and the properties of various substances and mixtures. Perfect for students studying chemistry and seeking to understand the foundational concepts in this field.