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Questions and Answers
What is a molecule?
What is a molecule?
What type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons?
What type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons?
In ionic bonding, what happens to metals?
In ionic bonding, what happens to metals?
How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?
How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?
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How many electrons does oxygen need to gain to fill its outer orbital?
How many electrons does oxygen need to gain to fill its outer orbital?
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What represents the charge of aluminum after it loses three electrons?
What represents the charge of aluminum after it loses three electrons?
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What is the purpose of a Lewis Dot diagram?
What is the purpose of a Lewis Dot diagram?
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What is a compound?
What is a compound?
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Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
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What is the atomic mass of Magnesium rounded to the nearest whole number?
What is the atomic mass of Magnesium rounded to the nearest whole number?
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Which of the following correctly describes the structure of an atom?
Which of the following correctly describes the structure of an atom?
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What is the charge of a Lithium ion (Li+)?
What is the charge of a Lithium ion (Li+)?
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Which group in the periodic table consists of highly reactive metals?
Which group in the periodic table consists of highly reactive metals?
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What defines an element in the periodic table?
What defines an element in the periodic table?
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Which of the following describes metalloids?
Which of the following describes metalloids?
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How many neutrons are in a Fluorine atom with 9 protons?
How many neutrons are in a Fluorine atom with 9 protons?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure and Bonding
- Atoms: Single units of an element.
- Molecules: Two or more atoms of the same type bonded together.
- Compounds: Two or more atoms of different types bonded together.
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Types of Bonding:
- Ionic bonding: Electrons are lost from one atom and gained by another. Metals lose electrons, becoming positively charged ions (cations). Nonmetals gain electrons, becoming negatively charged ions (anions). This electrostatic attraction holds the ions together.
- Covalent bonding: Electrons are shared between atoms. Atoms can share one pair (single bond), two pairs (double bond), or three pairs (triple bond) of electrons.
Properties and Behavior of Atoms
- Valence electrons: Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. These electrons are involved in bonding.
- Electron shells/orbitals: The regions surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found. Atoms strive to gain, lose or share valence electrons to fill their valence shell and achieve stability. This is the driving force of elements undergoing chemical reactions.
- Ionic bonding: Occurs between a metal and a nonmetal.
Periodic Table Organization
- Organizing elements: Elements organized by increasing atomic number and periodic trends in properties.
- Groups/columns: Elements in the same column have similar chemical properties.
- Periods/rows: Elements in the same row have increasing numbers of electron shells.
- Categories: Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Metalloids have properties that are intermediate between metals and nonmetals.
Atomic Structure
- Atomic number: Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
- Atomic mass: Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (approximately).
- Identifying particles: Protons (positive charge), neutrons (no charge), and electrons (negative charge).
Determining Atomic Number, Mass, and Particles
- Determining proton number: The atomic number represents the number of protons.
- Calculating neutrons: Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons.
- Determining electron number: In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons.
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Description
Test your understanding of atomic structure and the different types of bonding, including ionic and covalent bonds. Explore the properties and behavior of atoms, such as valence electrons and electron shells. This quiz will cover essential concepts in chemistry related to how atoms interact and form compounds.
