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Questions and Answers
What did J.J. Thompson's experiments primarily demonstrate?
What did J.J. Thompson's experiments primarily demonstrate?
Which atomic model introduced the concept of electrons embedded in a positively charged substance?
Which atomic model introduced the concept of electrons embedded in a positively charged substance?
What phenomenon was observed in Rutherford's gold foil experiment?
What phenomenon was observed in Rutherford's gold foil experiment?
What was the main goal of Millikan's oil drop experiment?
What was the main goal of Millikan's oil drop experiment?
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What discovery did Chadwick's experiment lead to?
What discovery did Chadwick's experiment lead to?
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Study Notes
Atomic Models and Experiments
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Crookes' Cathode Ray Experiment: William Crookes used a vacuum tube with an anode and cathode to discover cathode rays. These rays traveled from the cathode to the anode and created a fluorescent glow. This experiment showed that there were particles within atoms.
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Thomson's Experiment: J.J. Thomson's experiment used cathode rays and electric and magnetic fields to determine the charge-to-mass ratio of these particles, identified as electrons. This confirmed that atoms are composed of even smaller subatomic particles.
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Thomson's Plum Pudding Model: Thomson proposed a model where negatively charged electrons are embedded in a positively charged "pudding" like structure.
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Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment: Ernest Rutherford's experiment bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. Most particles passed straight through, but some were deflected at large angles, suggesting a dense, positively charged nucleus at the atom's center.
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Rutherford's Nuclear Model: Rutherford developed a model with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center of the atom, surrounded by negatively charged electrons. This model replaced the plum pudding model.
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Chadwick's Experiment: James Chadwick's experiment discovered the neutron. He bombarded beryllium with alpha particles and observed the emission of a neutral particle. These neutral particles were identified as neutrons.
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Millikan's Oil Drop Experiment: Robert Millikan's experiment determined the charge of an electron. Tiny oil droplets were charged, and their behavior in an electric field allowed for calculation of the charge of an electron.
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Description
This quiz explores the key experiments that shaped our understanding of atomic structure, including Crookes' Cathode Ray Experiment, Thomson's discoveries, and Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment. Delve into how these landmark studies revealed the components of atoms and led to the development of atomic models.
