Gr 10 Physical Sciences Ch 2: Atomic mass and diameter
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Gr 10 Physical Sciences Ch 2: Atomic mass and diameter

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary challenge in understanding the properties of atoms?

  • Their size and mass are extremely small and not directly observable (correct)
  • Their size and mass are extremely large
  • They are not found in nature
  • They are not composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons

    • What is the approximate mass of a carbon atom in kilograms?

  • 1.99 × 10⁻²⁵ kg
  • 1.99 × 10⁻²⁷ kg
  • 1.99 × 10⁻²⁸ kg
  • 1.99 × 10⁻²⁶ kg (correct)

    • What is the atomic mass unit (amu) based on?

  • The carbon-14 isotope
  • The hydrogen-1 isotope
  • The carbon-12 isotope (correct)
  • The oxygen-16 isotope

    • What is the approximate mass of a hydrogen atom in atomic mass units?

    <p>1 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?

    <p>The alpha particles were deflected by the gold foil, contradicting the 'plum pudding' model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of 1 atomic mass unit in grams?

    <p>1.67 × 10⁻²⁴ grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following atoms has an atomic mass of approximately 14.0 u?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate mass of a calcium atom in atomic mass units?

    <p>40.1 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the unexpected result of Rutherford's experiment with alpha particles and gold foil?

    <p>Some alpha particles were deflected at large angles, and a few even bounced back.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of the nucleus in Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>It is positively charged and tiny.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the analogy used to illustrate the size of the nucleus compared to the atom's overall size?

    <p>A pea in a soccer stadium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relative atomic mass of an element?

    <p>The average mass of all the isotopes of that element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of understanding the atomic mass and diameter?

    <p>To better understand the scale and structure of atoms, which underpin much of science and technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the electrons do in Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>They orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the empty space in an atom?

    <p>It is the majority of the atom's volume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the relative atomic mass of an element?

    <p>To understand the average mass of all the isotopes of that element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using atomic mass units (u) instead of kilograms?

    <p>It is a relative scale for comparing atomic masses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Rutherford conduct the alpha-particle scattering experiment?

    <p>To test the 'plum pudding' model of the atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate mass of a nitrogen atom in atomic mass units (u)?

    <p>14.0 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the value 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg?

    <p>It is the mass of a hydrogen atom in kilograms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic mass of an oxygen atom in atomic mass units (u)?

    <p>16.0 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?

    <p>The alpha particles were deflected at a large angle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic mass of a magnesium atom in atomic mass units (u)?

    <p>24.0 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic mass of a bromine atom in atomic mass units (u)?

    <p>79.9 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the empty space in an atom?

    <p>The nucleus contains most of the atom's mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Rutherford's atomic model, what does the nucleus represent?

    <p>The center of the atom where most of the mass is located</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calculating the relative atomic mass of an element?

    <p>To understand the scale and structure of atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?

    <p>Most alpha particles passed straight through the foil, and a few were deflected at large angles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the isotopes of an element in calculating the relative atomic mass?

    <p>They are weighted according to their relative abundance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of the atom in Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>Electrons orbiting a dense, positively charged nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the atomic mass and diameter in understanding the properties of matter?

    <p>They are crucial for understanding the properties of materials and chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the size of the nucleus compared to the atom's overall size?

    <p>The nucleus is smaller than the atom's overall size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the atomic mass unit (amu) in chemistry?

    <p>It provides a relative scale for comparing the masses of different atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main objective of Rutherford's alpha-particle scattering experiment?

    <p>To investigate the structure of the atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate mass of a potassium atom in atomic mass units (u)?

    <p>39.1 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the mass of an atom and its atomic mass unit (amu)?

    <p>The mass of an atom is directly proportional to its atomic mass unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the value 1.67 × 10⁻²⁷ kg in the context of atomic mass?

    <p>It is the value of 1 atomic mass unit in kilograms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to grasp the size and mass of an atom?

    <p>Because they are extremely small and not directly observable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic mass of a bromine atom in atomic mass units (u)?

    <p>79.9 u</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using atomic mass units (u) instead of kilograms?

    <p>To simplify the comparison of atomic masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the deflection of alpha particles in Rutherford's experiment?

    <p>The density of the nucleus in the atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the weighted average in calculating the relative atomic mass?

    <p>It provides a representation of the average mass of all isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary implication of the empty space in an atom?

    <p>The majority of the atom's mass is located in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using atomic mass units (u) instead of kilograms?

    <p>To simplify the representation of atomic masses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the isotopes of an element?

    <p>They have different atomic masses but the same chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the atomic mass and diameter?

    <p>It provides insight into the structure and properties of matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of electrons in Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>They orbit the nucleus, much like planets orbit the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the density of the nucleus in Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>The nucleus is relatively small compared to the atom's diameter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the large angles of deflection and bouncing back of alpha particles in Rutherford's experiment?

    <p>The dense nucleus of the atom is positively charged and scatters the alpha particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the weighted average in calculating the relative atomic mass of an element?

    <p>It takes into account the relative abundance of different isotopes of an element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the nucleus in Rutherford's atomic model?

    <p>It is a tiny, dense, positively charged region at the center of the atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the atomic mass and diameter in the context of chemistry?

    <p>It is crucial in understanding the properties of materials and chemical reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the analogy used to illustrate the size of the nucleus compared to the atom's overall size?

    <p>A pea in a soccer stadium</p> Signup and view all the answers

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