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- The atom has a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons.
- The atomic mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus.
- For a neutral atom, Z equals the number of electrons.
- The number of protons can be found by looking at the atomic number.
- The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the atomic number.
- The number of neutrons can be found by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass.
- The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons.
- An example for carbon: Z = 6, A = 12, number of protons = 6, number of electrons = 6, number of neutrons = 6, mass number = 12.
- The electrons in an atom move rapidly around the nucleus.
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