Atmospheric Structure and Circulation Quiz

<p>It is located between the equator and approximately 30° latitude. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sea breeze (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Strong pressure gradients and strong winds. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It acts as the boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Land breeze (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distance from the equator. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Katabatic wind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance to vertical motion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2ºC per 1,000 feet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cold, dry air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Temperature increases with altitude (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The temperature at which air becomes saturated (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Radiation fog (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stratus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Large vertical development and unstable air (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heat released or absorbed during state changes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ice crystals growing more quickly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air density decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saturation of the atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cumulonimbus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spoils smooth airflow over wings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth's surface, where most weather occurs.

The boundary between the troposphere and stratosphere, characterized by strong winds and turbulence.

The layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, containing the ozone layer which absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation.

The layer of the atmosphere above the stratosphere, known for its cold temperatures and meteor trails.

The outermost layer of the atmosphere, characterized by extremely high temperatures due to solar radiation.

The force that causes air to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere due to Earth's rotation.

A difference in pressure over a distance, causing air to move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

A wind pattern that occurs near coastlines, caused by the difference in heating between land and water.

A wind pattern that occurs near coastlines at night, caused by the difference in cooling between land and water.

A downslope wind caused by cold air flowing down from mountainous regions.

The resistance of air to vertical motion. Stable air is smooth, while unstable air is turbulent and rises easily.

The process of air heating (compression) or cooling (expansion) as its pressure changes. This happens when air moves up or down, expanding or shrinking.

The rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude. The average lapse rate is 2°C per 1,000 feet.

Water vapor is lighter than air, so moist air tends to rise. Dry air is denser and sinks. This affects the lapse rate, making moist air cool slower than dry air.

Warm, moist air is the most unstable, while cold, dry air is the most stable. The lapse rate helps determine air stability.

A condition where temperature increases with altitude, instead of decreasing. Acts like a lid, trapping pollutants and affecting weather.

A temperature inversion created when cold air forces its way under warm air (cold front) or warm air rises over cold air (warm front).

A temperature inversion caused by clear, calm, humid nights. The ground cools rapidly, chilling the air near the surface.

Moisture can be in solid, liquid, or gas forms. Transitions between these states involve heat exchange, affecting weather processes.

Extra heat absorbed or released during a change in the state of matter. For example, water freezing releases heat.

The amount of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum the air can hold at that temperature. High RH means the air is close to saturation.

The temperature to which air must be cooled to become saturated. Dew point helps determine cloud base formation.

Forms when the surface cools below the air's dewpoint, causing water vapor to condense. Dew forms above freezing, frost forms below freezing.

Frost disrupts the smooth airflow over aircraft wings, reducing lift and increasing drag. This is a serious flight hazard.

Clouds form when air cools to its saturation point, causing water vapor to condense or sublimate. Fog is a cloud near the surface.