Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the term used for the energy of motion?
What is the term used for the energy of motion?
Which gas in the upper atmosphere provides protection from harmful ultraviolet rays?
Which gas in the upper atmosphere provides protection from harmful ultraviolet rays?
What is the definition of 'weather'?
What is the definition of 'weather'?
What happens to the air's capacity for water vapor as the temperature decreases?
What happens to the air's capacity for water vapor as the temperature decreases?
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At what temperature does pure water freeze on the Fahrenheit scale?
At what temperature does pure water freeze on the Fahrenheit scale?
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What is the term for the apparent force created by Earth's rotation?
What is the term for the apparent force created by Earth's rotation?
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During most nights, nighttime radiation inversions occur primarily on which type of nights?
During most nights, nighttime radiation inversions occur primarily on which type of nights?
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What effect does increasing Earth's gravitational force have on atmospheric pressure at the ground?
What effect does increasing Earth's gravitational force have on atmospheric pressure at the ground?
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The pressure gradient force is directed from higher pressure toward which area?
The pressure gradient force is directed from higher pressure toward which area?
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Convective clouds typically form due to which process?
Convective clouds typically form due to which process?
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What happens to a sea breeze circulation during night?
What happens to a sea breeze circulation during night?
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In an unsaturated environment, how much does a parcel of air cool by per 1000 m?
In an unsaturated environment, how much does a parcel of air cool by per 1000 m?
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What is true about anticyclonic flow in the Northern Hemisphere?
What is true about anticyclonic flow in the Northern Hemisphere?
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What term is used for a raindrop that freezes before reaching the ground?
What term is used for a raindrop that freezes before reaching the ground?
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A wind that blows at a constant speed parallel to isobars is known as which type of wind?
A wind that blows at a constant speed parallel to isobars is known as which type of wind?
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What accounts for the majority of the water vapor added to the atmosphere each year?
What accounts for the majority of the water vapor added to the atmosphere each year?
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What stage represents the initial stage of an ordinary cell thunderstorm?
What stage represents the initial stage of an ordinary cell thunderstorm?
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Which of the following cloud types is characterized by thin, white, featherlike formations?
Which of the following cloud types is characterized by thin, white, featherlike formations?
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What is the primary ingredient needed for thunderstorm development besides moisture and stability?
What is the primary ingredient needed for thunderstorm development besides moisture and stability?
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During which month is the average temperature typically highest in the Northern Hemisphere?
During which month is the average temperature typically highest in the Northern Hemisphere?
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What term describes a line of thunderstorms forming ahead of a cold front?
What term describes a line of thunderstorms forming ahead of a cold front?
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What characterizes a severe thunderstorm?
What characterizes a severe thunderstorm?
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Which type of weather front is likely associated with increasing cloudiness and potential precipitation?
Which type of weather front is likely associated with increasing cloudiness and potential precipitation?
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Which cloud type is characterized by a dark gray appearance with continuous precipitation?
Which cloud type is characterized by a dark gray appearance with continuous precipitation?
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What is the Absolute temperature scale that contains no negative numbers?
What is the Absolute temperature scale that contains no negative numbers?
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As the air temperature decreases, the air's capacity for water vapor tends to _____ .
As the air temperature decreases, the air's capacity for water vapor tends to _____ .
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Particles that serve as surfaces on which water vapor may condense are called _____ .
Particles that serve as surfaces on which water vapor may condense are called _____ .
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The only substance found naturally in the lower atmosphere that can exist as a solid, liquid, and gas is _____ .
The only substance found naturally in the lower atmosphere that can exist as a solid, liquid, and gas is _____ .
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The majority of atmospheric ozone is found in the _____ .
The majority of atmospheric ozone is found in the _____ .
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What is a boundary that separates warm, dry air from warm, moist air called?
What is a boundary that separates warm, dry air from warm, moist air called?
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What type of weather front is typically associated with thunderstorms and heavy rain?
What type of weather front is typically associated with thunderstorms and heavy rain?
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What does the Saffir-Simpson scale category 5 indicate?
What does the Saffir-Simpson scale category 5 indicate?
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Where does the heaviest rainfall typically occur during a hurricane?
Where does the heaviest rainfall typically occur during a hurricane?
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A weather watch is most likely issued for which condition?
A weather watch is most likely issued for which condition?
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What is a chart that plots air temperature changes over time at a specific station called?
What is a chart that plots air temperature changes over time at a specific station called?
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When are storms that form in the tropics typically given names?
When are storms that form in the tropics typically given names?
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During which season are mid-latitude cyclonic storms in the U.S. typically better developed?
During which season are mid-latitude cyclonic storms in the U.S. typically better developed?
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What is the term for the forecasting technique that produces several versions of a forecast model, each beginning with slightly different weather information?
What is the term for the forecasting technique that produces several versions of a forecast model, each beginning with slightly different weather information?
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What is the typical atmospheric condition when a humid subtropical climate is found in the United States?
What is the typical atmospheric condition when a humid subtropical climate is found in the United States?
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What occurs just before a storm is classified as a tropical storm?
What occurs just before a storm is classified as a tropical storm?
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What visual effect causes the blue color of the sky?
What visual effect causes the blue color of the sky?
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Which statement correctly describes halos?
Which statement correctly describes halos?
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How do large volcanic eruptions that eject sulfur-rich materials into the stratosphere typically affect surface temperatures?
How do large volcanic eruptions that eject sulfur-rich materials into the stratosphere typically affect surface temperatures?
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What happens to relative humidity as the difference between air temperature and dew point decreases?
What happens to relative humidity as the difference between air temperature and dew point decreases?
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What does the term 'stratus', or 'strato', refer to in cloud naming?
What does the term 'stratus', or 'strato', refer to in cloud naming?
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Which factor primarily regulates the seasons on Earth?
Which factor primarily regulates the seasons on Earth?
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In a saturated atmosphere, how much does a parcel of air cool by for each 1000 m it rises?
In a saturated atmosphere, how much does a parcel of air cool by for each 1000 m it rises?
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What characteristic of air indicates the average speed of its molecules?
What characteristic of air indicates the average speed of its molecules?
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Nighttime radiation inversions typically occur on which kind of nights?
Nighttime radiation inversions typically occur on which kind of nights?
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What type of fog is produced when warm, moist air moves over a cold surface?
What type of fog is produced when warm, moist air moves over a cold surface?
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What type of atmosphere would most likely produce unstable air and lead to cloud formation?
What type of atmosphere would most likely produce unstable air and lead to cloud formation?
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Which factor most directly enhances the greenhouse effect?
Which factor most directly enhances the greenhouse effect?
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Which type of cloud is typically characterized by thin, wispy shapes and can appear as streaks in the sky?
Which type of cloud is typically characterized by thin, wispy shapes and can appear as streaks in the sky?
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What best defines the daily temperature range?
What best defines the daily temperature range?
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Which type of cloud is characterized by its individual, separate domes or towers?
Which type of cloud is characterized by its individual, separate domes or towers?
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What is the primary component required for the development of thunderstorms?
What is the primary component required for the development of thunderstorms?
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What describes a supercell storm?
What describes a supercell storm?
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What is the term for the average temperature throughout an entire year?
What is the term for the average temperature throughout an entire year?
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Which stage marks the beginning of an ordinary cell thunderstorm?
Which stage marks the beginning of an ordinary cell thunderstorm?
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What is a boundary that separates warm, dry air from warm, moist air?
What is a boundary that separates warm, dry air from warm, moist air?
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What indicates the severity of a category 5 storm on the Saffir-Simpson scale?
What indicates the severity of a category 5 storm on the Saffir-Simpson scale?
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What is the term for a line of thunderstorms that develops in advance of a cold front?
What is the term for a line of thunderstorms that develops in advance of a cold front?
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During a hurricane, which area typically experiences the heaviest rainfall?
During a hurricane, which area typically experiences the heaviest rainfall?
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What does a weather watch indicate?
What does a weather watch indicate?
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What is the primary fuel for hurricanes, derived from ocean waters?
What is the primary fuel for hurricanes, derived from ocean waters?
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Which type of air mass would most likely be found over a cold ocean current?
Which type of air mass would most likely be found over a cold ocean current?
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What phenomenon causes the center of a hurricane, known as the eye, to be cloud-free?
What phenomenon causes the center of a hurricane, known as the eye, to be cloud-free?
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When is a tropical storm typically given a name?
When is a tropical storm typically given a name?
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Anticyclonic flow in the Northern Hemisphere typically results in which wind direction?
Anticyclonic flow in the Northern Hemisphere typically results in which wind direction?
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What happens to a parcel of air when it rises in an unsaturated atmosphere?
What happens to a parcel of air when it rises in an unsaturated atmosphere?
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During El Niño events, how do surface waters in the tropical eastern Pacific change?
During El Niño events, how do surface waters in the tropical eastern Pacific change?
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What type of wind flows at a constant speed parallel to straight-line isobars?
What type of wind flows at a constant speed parallel to straight-line isobars?
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What occurs when dew freezes?
What occurs when dew freezes?
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What environmental condition describes an atmosphere where the lapse rate is greater than both the moist and dry adiabatic rates?
What environmental condition describes an atmosphere where the lapse rate is greater than both the moist and dry adiabatic rates?
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Which process contributes the majority of water vapor added to the atmosphere each year?
Which process contributes the majority of water vapor added to the atmosphere each year?
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What is the impact on atmospheric concentrations of certain gases?
What is the impact on atmospheric concentrations of certain gases?
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What is the condition of the atmosphere at any particular time and place called?
What is the condition of the atmosphere at any particular time and place called?
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What happens to the air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest compared to sea level?
What happens to the air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest compared to sea level?
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During which condition will the wind around a surface high-pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere blow?
During which condition will the wind around a surface high-pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere blow?
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What happens to hurricanes when they move over colder water?
What happens to hurricanes when they move over colder water?
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What indicates the increasing humidity in the air?
What indicates the increasing humidity in the air?
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What is the term for the stage just before a storm is classified as a tropical storm?
What is the term for the stage just before a storm is classified as a tropical storm?
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What effect does climate change have on sea-surface temperatures in the tropics?
What effect does climate change have on sea-surface temperatures in the tropics?
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What characteristic is associated with a humid subtropical climate?
What characteristic is associated with a humid subtropical climate?
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What occurs when light bounces off a surface at the same angle at which it strikes?
What occurs when light bounces off a surface at the same angle at which it strikes?
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What substance is typically responsible for halos in the atmosphere?
What substance is typically responsible for halos in the atmosphere?
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What describes a positive feedback mechanism in climate science?
What describes a positive feedback mechanism in climate science?
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What is the primary source of energy for a hurricane?
What is the primary source of energy for a hurricane?
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What atmospheric condition is typically indicated by a weather warning?
What atmospheric condition is typically indicated by a weather warning?
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During what phase of a hurricane does the heaviest rainfall typically occur?
During what phase of a hurricane does the heaviest rainfall typically occur?
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On the Saffir-Simpson scale, what does a category 5 hurricane indicate?
On the Saffir-Simpson scale, what does a category 5 hurricane indicate?
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What is defined as the difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature?
What is defined as the difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperature?
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What type of air mass is typically characterized as warm and moist?
What type of air mass is typically characterized as warm and moist?
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What type of cloud is characterized by being thin and featherlike in appearance?
What type of cloud is characterized by being thin and featherlike in appearance?
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Which term refers to a low, gray cloud layer with a uniform base?
Which term refers to a low, gray cloud layer with a uniform base?
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What weather phenomenon is typically associated with the polar jet stream during the coldest months?
What weather phenomenon is typically associated with the polar jet stream during the coldest months?
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What type of data does a weather chart that tracks temperature changes display?
What type of data does a weather chart that tracks temperature changes display?
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What is typically the most intense stage of a wave cyclone according to its life cycle model?
What is typically the most intense stage of a wave cyclone according to its life cycle model?
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Which factor is NOT a necessary ingredient for thunderstorm development?
Which factor is NOT a necessary ingredient for thunderstorm development?
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What is the significance of the eye of a hurricane?
What is the significance of the eye of a hurricane?
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What happens to the wind around a surface low-pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere?
What happens to the wind around a surface low-pressure center in the Northern Hemisphere?
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Which type of storm is characterized by severe conditions including heavy showers and thunder?
Which type of storm is characterized by severe conditions including heavy showers and thunder?
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What type of weather front typically results in cloudy weather followed by precipitation?
What type of weather front typically results in cloudy weather followed by precipitation?
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How much does a parcel of air cool every 1000 m if it is unsaturated?
How much does a parcel of air cool every 1000 m if it is unsaturated?
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What describes the average temperature for an entire year at a particular station?
What describes the average temperature for an entire year at a particular station?
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What does the heat index combine with air temperature to represent?
What does the heat index combine with air temperature to represent?
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What type of environment is characterized by the lifted parcel of air being colder than the air surrounding it?
What type of environment is characterized by the lifted parcel of air being colder than the air surrounding it?
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What phenomenon occurs when dew freezes?
What phenomenon occurs when dew freezes?
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What factor creates pressure gradients that cause sea and land breezes to blow?
What factor creates pressure gradients that cause sea and land breezes to blow?
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What describes the seasonal winds characterized by wet and dry periods?
What describes the seasonal winds characterized by wet and dry periods?
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What happens to average atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the past century?
What happens to average atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the past century?
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What defines the greenhouse effect?
What defines the greenhouse effect?
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Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the majority of weather phenomena?
Which layer of Earth's atmosphere contains the majority of weather phenomena?
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As air temperature decreases, how does the air's capacity for water vapor change?
As air temperature decreases, how does the air's capacity for water vapor change?
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What type of fog is produced by warm, moist air moving over a cold surface?
What type of fog is produced by warm, moist air moving over a cold surface?
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What type of cloud is most likely to form in an unstable atmosphere?
What type of cloud is most likely to form in an unstable atmosphere?
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What typically occurs to the surface air around a strengthening low-pressure area?
What typically occurs to the surface air around a strengthening low-pressure area?
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Which statement correctly describes the average temperature in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer month?
Which statement correctly describes the average temperature in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer month?
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What happens to atmospheric air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest compared to sea level?
What happens to atmospheric air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest compared to sea level?
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What condition occurs when the atmosphere is absolutely stable?
What condition occurs when the atmosphere is absolutely stable?
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What are the particles that serve as surfaces for water vapor to condense upon called?
What are the particles that serve as surfaces for water vapor to condense upon called?
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In which atmospheric layer is the majority of ozone found?
In which atmospheric layer is the majority of ozone found?
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What happens to hurricanes when they encounter cooler water?
What happens to hurricanes when they encounter cooler water?
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In which atmospheric conditions would a humid subtropical climate typically be found in the United States?
In which atmospheric conditions would a humid subtropical climate typically be found in the United States?
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Which cloud type is most likely associated with the formation of halos or sundogs?
Which cloud type is most likely associated with the formation of halos or sundogs?
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What is the primary reason for the blue color of the sky?
What is the primary reason for the blue color of the sky?
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What does a positive feedback mechanism in climate systems typically result in?
What does a positive feedback mechanism in climate systems typically result in?
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Which statement correctly describes how clouds interact with climate?
Which statement correctly describes how clouds interact with climate?
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What are climate factors that produce the climate in a given area referred to as?
What are climate factors that produce the climate in a given area referred to as?
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What typically happens to average global temperatures over the past century?
What typically happens to average global temperatures over the past century?
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Which atmospheric layer contains all the weather phenomena we are familiar with?
Which atmospheric layer contains all the weather phenomena we are familiar with?
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Anticyclonic flow means which of the following in the Northern Hemisphere?
Anticyclonic flow means which of the following in the Northern Hemisphere?
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How does the greenhouse effect get enhanced?
How does the greenhouse effect get enhanced?
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What type of wind moves at a constant speed parallel to straight-line isobars with the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force in balance?
What type of wind moves at a constant speed parallel to straight-line isobars with the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force in balance?
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What is the term that describes a parcel of air that expands and cools, or compresses and warms, without exchanging heat with its surroundings?
What is the term that describes a parcel of air that expands and cools, or compresses and warms, without exchanging heat with its surroundings?
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During El Nino events, how are surface waters affected in the tropical eastern Pacific?
During El Nino events, how are surface waters affected in the tropical eastern Pacific?
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Which phenomenon is most likely to cause cold and cloudy nights to be warmer than cold and clear nights?
Which phenomenon is most likely to cause cold and cloudy nights to be warmer than cold and clear nights?
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The phrase 'rain shadow' is associated with which type of precipitation?
The phrase 'rain shadow' is associated with which type of precipitation?
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In an absolutely stable environment, how does the lifted parcel of air compare to the surrounding air?
In an absolutely stable environment, how does the lifted parcel of air compare to the surrounding air?
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What is the term for the characteristic of air that indicates the average speed of the atoms and molecules?
What is the term for the characteristic of air that indicates the average speed of the atoms and molecules?
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What is the most likely composition of Earth's first atmosphere, around 4.6 billion years ago?
What is the most likely composition of Earth's first atmosphere, around 4.6 billion years ago?
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Which of the following factors primarily creates pressure gradients that cause sea and land breezes to blow?
Which of the following factors primarily creates pressure gradients that cause sea and land breezes to blow?
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What is the average temperature of a station for the entire year called?
What is the average temperature of a station for the entire year called?
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What term describes the lowest and highest temperatures observed in a 24-hour period?
What term describes the lowest and highest temperatures observed in a 24-hour period?
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What are the three necessary ingredients for thunderstorm development?
What are the three necessary ingredients for thunderstorm development?
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Which type of cloud is typically composed of ice crystals and appears in thin, featherlike patches?
Which type of cloud is typically composed of ice crystals and appears in thin, featherlike patches?
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What is a characteristic feature of a supercell storm?
What is a characteristic feature of a supercell storm?
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What defines a severe thunderstorm?
What defines a severe thunderstorm?
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Which weather front is responsible for producing increasing high cloudiness followed by potential precipitation?
Which weather front is responsible for producing increasing high cloudiness followed by potential precipitation?
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What phenomenon is characterized by a dark gray cloud continuously dropping precipitation without thunderstorms?
What phenomenon is characterized by a dark gray cloud continuously dropping precipitation without thunderstorms?
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The air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest is _____ than the air pressure at sea level.
The air pressure at the summit of Mount Everest is _____ than the air pressure at sea level.
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What is the main process through which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere?
What is the main process through which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere?
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Which layer contains the majority of atmospheric ozone?
Which layer contains the majority of atmospheric ozone?
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A chart that plots how air temperature has changed over the past five days at a given station is known as a what?
A chart that plots how air temperature has changed over the past five days at a given station is known as a what?
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Which of the following describes the heaviest rainfall location during a hurricane?
Which of the following describes the heaviest rainfall location during a hurricane?
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During which condition would a weather warning most likely be issued?
During which condition would a weather warning most likely be issued?
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What type of storm is named when it forms in tropical regions?
What type of storm is named when it forms in tropical regions?
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If the first tropical storm of the season was named Andrea, what would be a likely name for the second one?
If the first tropical storm of the season was named Andrea, what would be a likely name for the second one?
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What does a weather watch typically indicate?
What does a weather watch typically indicate?
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On the Saffir-Simpson scale, what does a category 5 storm signify?
On the Saffir-Simpson scale, what does a category 5 storm signify?
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How do factors like temperature and moisture influence the climate in a specific area?
How do factors like temperature and moisture influence the climate in a specific area?
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What causes halos to form in the sky?
What causes halos to form in the sky?
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What does a humid subtropical climate typically exhibit?
What does a humid subtropical climate typically exhibit?
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What is a positive feedback mechanism in the context of climate change?
What is a positive feedback mechanism in the context of climate change?
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What term describes the process by which light is reflected at the same angle it strikes a surface?
What term describes the process by which light is reflected at the same angle it strikes a surface?
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What is the effect of increasing carbon dioxide levels on global temperatures?
What is the effect of increasing carbon dioxide levels on global temperatures?
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What atmospheric condition allows the setting sun to appear red?
What atmospheric condition allows the setting sun to appear red?
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Flashcards
Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy
The energy of motion.
Most abundant atmospheric gases
Most abundant atmospheric gases
Nitrogen and oxygen.
Global CO2 trend
Global CO2 trend
Increased over the last century.
Definition of weather
Definition of weather
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Freezing point of pure water
Freezing point of pure water
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Absolute temperature scale
Absolute temperature scale
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Earth's early atmosphere
Earth's early atmosphere
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Measure of air particle speed
Measure of air particle speed
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Pressure Gradient Force
Pressure Gradient Force
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Convective Clouds
Convective Clouds
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Sea Breeze
Sea Breeze
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Unsaturated Air Cooling Rate
Unsaturated Air Cooling Rate
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Anticyclonic Flow
Anticyclonic Flow
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Freezing Rain
Freezing Rain
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Geostrophic Wind
Geostrophic Wind
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Evaporation
Evaporation
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Diurnal Temperature Range
Diurnal Temperature Range
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Daily Mean Temperature
Daily Mean Temperature
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Annual Temperature Range
Annual Temperature Range
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Annual Average Temperature
Annual Average Temperature
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Cirrus Clouds
Cirrus Clouds
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Cumulus Clouds
Cumulus Clouds
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Stratus Clouds
Stratus Clouds
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Thunderstorms
Thunderstorms
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What is the absolute temperature scale?
What is the absolute temperature scale?
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How does air temperature affect water vapor?
How does air temperature affect water vapor?
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Atmospheric concentrations of what can vary?
Atmospheric concentrations of what can vary?
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What does 'PFG' point towards?
What does 'PFG' point towards?
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What are condensation nuclei?
What are condensation nuclei?
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What is a front?
What is a front?
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Polar jet stream's influence on mid-latitude cyclonic storms
Polar jet stream's influence on mid-latitude cyclonic storms
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Weather front in the image
Weather front in the image
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Hurricane energy source
Hurricane energy source
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Hurricane eye's weather
Hurricane eye's weather
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Saffir-Simpson scale category 5
Saffir-Simpson scale category 5
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Primary cause of hurricane destruction
Primary cause of hurricane destruction
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Weather watch
Weather watch
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Ensemble Forecasting
Ensemble Forecasting
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Hurricane Warning
Hurricane Warning
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Tropical Disturbance
Tropical Disturbance
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Hurricanes dissipate when...
Hurricanes dissipate when...
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Red Object
Red Object
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Specular reflection
Specular reflection
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Scattering of light
Scattering of light
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Halo
Halo
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Earth's Dominant Atmospheric Gases
Earth's Dominant Atmospheric Gases
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CO2 Trend Over Time
CO2 Trend Over Time
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What is 'weather'?
What is 'weather'?
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Freezing Point of Water
Freezing Point of Water
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What is the Kelvin scale?
What is the Kelvin scale?
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Earth's First Atmosphere
Earth's First Atmosphere
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What measures air particle speed?
What measures air particle speed?
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What are the three ingredients for thunderstorm development?
What are the three ingredients for thunderstorm development?
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What type of weather front causes increasing cloudiness and cold then warmer temperatures?
What type of weather front causes increasing cloudiness and cold then warmer temperatures?
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Air temperature and water vapor
Air temperature and water vapor
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Why are mid-latitude cyclonic storms stronger during colder months?
Why are mid-latitude cyclonic storms stronger during colder months?
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Identify the weather front in the image.
Identify the weather front in the image.
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What is Air mass C?
What is Air mass C?
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What is the weather like in a hurricane's eye?
What is the weather like in a hurricane's eye?
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What does a category 5 storm indicate?
What does a category 5 storm indicate?
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Major cause of hurricane destruction?
Major cause of hurricane destruction?
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What does temperature measure?
What does temperature measure?
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Greenhouse Effect
Greenhouse Effect
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Layers of the Atmosphere
Layers of the Atmosphere
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Relative Humidity
Relative Humidity
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Dew Point
Dew Point
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Condensation Nuclei
Condensation Nuclei
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Thunderstorm Ingredients
Thunderstorm Ingredients
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Thunderstorm Development Stage
Thunderstorm Development Stage
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How does the polar jet stream influence mid-latitude storms?
How does the polar jet stream influence mid-latitude storms?
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What type of front does the image show?
What type of front does the image show?
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Weather in the Hurricane's Eye
Weather in the Hurricane's Eye
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Saffir-Simpson Scale: Category 5 Storm
Saffir-Simpson Scale: Category 5 Storm
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Main Cause of Hurricane Destruction
Main Cause of Hurricane Destruction
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Microclimate
Microclimate
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Air's capacity for water vapor
Air's capacity for water vapor
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Atmospheric gases
Atmospheric gases
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Absolutely stable atmosphere
Absolutely stable atmosphere
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Anticyclonic circulation
Anticyclonic circulation
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Earth's Current Atmosphere
Earth's Current Atmosphere
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Water's Freezing Point
Water's Freezing Point
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Kelvin Scale
Kelvin Scale
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Daily Temperature Range
Daily Temperature Range
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Cold Front
Cold Front
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Air's water vapor capacity
Air's water vapor capacity
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Atmospheric gas variations
Atmospheric gas variations
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PFG direction?
PFG direction?
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Why are mid-latitude cyclones stronger in winter?
Why are mid-latitude cyclones stronger in winter?
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What is a cold front?
What is a cold front?
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What is the Saffir-Simpson scale?
What is the Saffir-Simpson scale?
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What causes the most destruction from hurricanes?
What causes the most destruction from hurricanes?
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What is a weather watch?
What is a weather watch?
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Study Notes
Kinetic Energy
- Energy of motion
Atmospheric Composition
- Most abundant gases are nitrogen and oxygen (by volume)
- Average atmospheric CO2 concentrations have increased over the past 100 years
Weather Definition
- Condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place
Temperature Scales
- Freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Absolute temperature scale with no negative numbers is Kelvin.
Earth's First Atmosphere
- Primarily composed of hydrogen and helium (approximately 4.6 billion years ago)
Air Characteristics
- Temperature measures average atomic/molecular speed.
Atmospheric Protection
- Ozone layer shields Earth's surface from harmful UV rays
Water Vapor Variations
- Atmospheric water vapor levels vary significantly based on location and time.
Greenhouse Effect Enhancement
- Addition of water vapor strengthens the greenhouse effect.
Atmospheric Vertical Profile
- Vertical profile of atmosphere varies between layers.
Tropospheric Weather
- All weather occurs in the troposphere.
- Relative humidity decreases as the difference between air temperature and dew point increases.
- Nighttime radiation inversions happen on clear, calm nights.
- Thin, wispy cirrus clouds are blown by wind.
- Seasons are affected by daylight hours and the angle of sunlight striking Earth's surface.
Fog Formation
- Warm, moist air moving over a cold surface creates advection fog.
- Cold, cloudy nights are warmer than cold, clear nights due to outgoing infrared energy absorption by clouds.
- Maximum daily temperature usually occurs 2-4 hours after maximum solar heating.
- Particles that serve as condensation surfaces are called condensation nuclei.
Air Pressure and Forces
- High atmospheric pressure at sea level compared to higher altitudes.
- Adiabatic process describes air expansion/compression without heat exchange.
- Coriolis force is an apparent force resulting from Earth's rotation.
- Pressure gradient force directs air from higher to lower pressure.
- Convective clouds form due to surface heating.
- Sea breeze and land breeze circulation cycles reverse daily.
- Anticyclonic flow = clockwise winds in the Northern Hemisphere.
- Sleet is a raindrop that freezes before hitting the ground.
- Geostrophic wind blows parallel to isobars with pressure and Coriolis forces balanced.
- Evaporation from oceans accounts for most atmospheric water vapor.
Precipitation Types and Patterns
- Orographic precipitation is associated with rain shadows.
- Synoptic scale is larger than mesoscale.
El Niño
- Surface waters in the tropical eastern Pacific are warmer during El Niño events.
- Contouring rules include that isopleths cannot stop mid-map.
Weather Map Interpretation
- Weather warnings indicate imminent hazardous weather.
- Heaviest hurricane rainfall occurs in the eyewall.
- A meteogram shows daily air temperature changes.
- Tropical storm names follow an alphabetical pattern.
- All answers are correct regarding weather map rulings.
Storm Systems
- Squall line is a line of thunderstorms ahead of an advancing cold front.
- Mature cyclone stage of wave cyclone is most intense.
- Tornado Alley, or the Tornado Belt, is in the central plains of the US.
- Severe thunderstorms produce large hail and intense downbursts.
- Cumulus stage is the initial stage of an ordinary cell thunderstorm.
- Mid-latitude cyclones form and move along the polar front in a wave pattern.
Air Masses
- Continental arctic, continental polar, continental tropical, and maritime tropical are main air masses.
- Hurricane energy comes from latent heat of condensation.
- A hurricane's eye is often cloud-free due to sinking air.
- Category 5 storms are strongest on the Saffir-Simpson scale.
Weather Forecasting
- Weather watches predict possible hazardous weather.
- Forecasts depend on the tracked system's position and movement.
Atmospheric Dynamics
- Forecasting technique using multiple versions of a model incorporating measurement errors.
- Ensemble forecasting is mentioned.
- Tropical storms develop into hurricanes, initially as depressions.
- Hurricanes dissipate when they move over colder waters.
- Objects appear red because they absorb all other visible colors of light but reflect red.
- Sunlight is reflected when it strikes a surface at the same angle it's bounced off.
- The blue sky color is due to selective scattering of visible light by air molecules.
Climate
- Microclimate refers to small-scale climatic regions near the ground.
- Climate models predict that tropical sea-surface temperatures will increase, potentially strengthening hurricanes.
- Climatic controls define a place's climate.
- Koppen scheme classifies climates based on temperature and precipitation.
- Global temperatures have increased slightly in the last 100 years.
- Large volcanic eruptions often cool Earth's surface.
- Climate scientists associate recent warming with enhanced greenhouse effect from increasing greenhouse gases such as CO2.
- Positive feedback mechanisms reinforce initial changes.
- Clouds generally have a net cooling effect on climate.
- Global CO2 increase is correlated with surface air temperature increases.
- Humid subtropical climates are found in the southeastern United States.
Earth Rotation
- Earth's precession is its wobble while rotating on its axis.
Apparent Temperature
- Heat index is affected by both air temperature and humidity.
- "Stratus" or "strato" refer to cloud layers.
- Heat index combines air temperature and relative humidity to predict apparent temperature.
- Wind around low-pressure centers in the Northern Hemisphere is counterclockwise.
- Relative humidity increases as the difference between air temperature and dew-point temperature decrease.
- Kelvin is the absolute temperature scale encompassing only positive numbers,making it convenient for scientific calculations.
- Air's capacity for water vapor decreases as temperature decreases.
Atmospheric Composition:
- Atmospheric water vapor varies based on time and location.
- Air parcel stability is described as "absolutely stable" if the parcel is colder than surrounding air.
- Anticyclonic describes clockwise movement.
- Cyclonic describes counter-clockwise movement.
Atmospheric Features
- High pressure over one area and low pressure over another create trade winds.
- Condensation nuclei are particles where water vapor condenses. - Weather is the atmosphere's condition at a particular time and location. - Infrared wavelengths dominate Earth's radiation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various aspects of atmospheric science, including kinetic energy, atmospheric composition, and temperature scales. This quiz covers critical concepts such as the greenhouse effect, atmospheric protection, and the Earth's early atmosphere. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of weather and atmospheric dynamics.
