Atmospheric Regions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the atmosphere exhibits a temperature inversion?

  • Troposphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere
  • Stratosphere (correct)

What is the principal cause of the ionization reactions in the thermosphere?

  • High temperature collisions
  • Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun (correct)
  • Cosmic rays
  • Lightning discharges

Which layer of the atmosphere is responsible for filtering out harmful UV-B radiation?

  • Stratosphere (correct)
  • Troposphere
  • Mesosphere
  • Thermosphere

Which of the following statements about the troposphere is true?

<p>It is well-mixed due to convection currents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate temperature range in the mesosphere?

<p>180-275 K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reactions occurs in the thermosphere due to UV radiation?

<p>$N_2 + hv (80 ,nm) \rightarrow N_2^+ + e^-$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate altitude range of the mesosphere?

<p>50-85 km (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere experiences a stable region with less convective mixing?

<p>Stratosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal species found in the thermosphere near vacuum conditions?

<p>Ions (ionosphere) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which region of the atmosphere do temperatures increase significantly with altitude?

<p>Thermosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere constitutes the majority of the total mass of the atmosphere?

<p>Troposphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range in the stratosphere?

<p>$180 - 275$ K (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the atmosphere has a chemical composition mainly consisting of O2 and N2?

<p>Stratosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which altitude does the temperature decrease to approximately $-90$ degrees C?

<p>$50 - 85$ km (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism for the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs)?

<p>H abstraction or HO addition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate stable product formed from the oxidation of VOCs?

<p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a gaseous organic pollutant?

<p>Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the threshold limit value (TLV) for nitric acid (HNO3) exposure?

<p>2 ppm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following heavy metals is known to cause kidney and nerve damage?

<p>Both (a) and (b) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the increased toxicity of alkyl metal compounds compared to their inorganic counterparts?

<p>They can penetrate cell membranes more easily (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following heavy metals is used by detoxifying enzymes in the body?

<p>Selenium (Se) and manganese (Mn) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of hydrofluoric acid (HF) mentioned in the text?

<p>Manufacturing semiconductors and silicon chips (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following heavy metals is known to interfere with the metabolism of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn)?

<p>Cadmium (Cd) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) mentioned in the text?

<p>Manufacturing fertilizers and batteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most toxic form of chromium?

<p>Chromium(VI) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Minamata disease?

<p>Ingestion of methylmercury-contaminated fish (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary use of cadmium?

<p>Production of pigments and stabilizers for plastics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target of cadmium toxicity?

<p>Kidneys, due to the role of metallothionein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary use of organotin compounds?

<p>Antifouling paints for ships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ionizing radiation is the most penetrating?

<p>Gamma rays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following radionuclides is known to cause thyroid cancer?

<p>Iodine-131 (I-131) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which lead causes anemia?

<p>Both inhibition of heme synthesis and destruction of RBCs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary anthropogenic source of lead in the environment?

<p>Waste from high-temperature processes in various industries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary target of mercury toxicity?

<p>Nervous system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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