Hamdan - Physiology

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What kind of disease does any obstruction in the conductive zone lead to?

Asthma

Pulmonary Hypertension

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (correct)

Pulmonary Fibrosis

What is the purpose of prescribing Bronchodilation drugs for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

To decrease resistance in the airways (correct)

To clear mucus from the lungs

To reduce lung compliance

To increase resistance in the airways

Which disease is primarily associated with difficulties in the respiratory zone, such as pulmonary fibrosis?

Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary Fibrosis (correct)

Asthma

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

What is the term used to describe the responsiveness of a structure to deformation by force?

Compliance Signup and view all the answers

In what percentage are vascular zone diseases categorized according to the text?

10% Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical zone is referred to as the dead space?

Conductive zone Signup and view all the answers

What does restriction typically relate to in terms of lung diseases?

Respiratory zone diseases Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is any obstruction in the conductive zone?

'It leads to an obstructive disease' Signup and view all the answers

Which gas will diffuse easier through a biological membrane according to the information provided?

Carbon dioxide Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory failure type 1, which gas is primarily affected?

Oxygen Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygen primarily diffuse from in the circulation system?

Arterioles to interstitial Signup and view all the answers

What is the PO2 in pulmonary capillaries according to the provided information?

40mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Where is the space between cells and capillaries known as?

Interstitial Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood volume is in systemic capillaries according to the information provided?

7% Signup and view all the answers

How much water is outside cells in our body according to the information provided?

14 liters Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygen primarily diffuse from in systemic circulation according to the information provided?

Interstitium to cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system in the conductive zone?

Filtration of air and humidification Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of water vapor ($P_{H_2O}$) in the respiratory system at 37°C?

47 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of oxygen ($P_{O_2}$) in the alveoli?

100 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the partial pressure of nitrogen ($P_{N_2}$) in the respiratory system?

It contributes to the total pressure but has no physiological role Signup and view all the answers

What is the total pressure in the conductive zone?

760 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($P_{CO_2}$) in the alveoli?

40 mmHg Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the partial pressures of gases in the respiratory system?

The partial pressure of oxygen ($P_{O_2}$) in the alveoli is higher than in the conductive zone Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases can be used to form biological compounds?

None of the above Signup and view all the answers

What will be the atmospheric pressure for a person standing on top of Mount Everest, which is 8,888m above sea level?

$226 \mathrm{mmHg}$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) at the top of Mount Everest?

$45 \mathrm{mmHg}$ Signup and view all the answers

Why is high altitude considered one of the main reasons for hypoxia?

Decreased atmospheric pressure leads to decreased oxygen availability Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the conductive zone of the respiratory system?

Providing a pathway for air to move in and out of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

According to the given text, how is the resistance (R) in the airways related to the radius (r) of the airways?

R is inversely proportional to r^4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

To facilitate gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the viscosity () of the blood and the resistance (R) in the airways?

R is directly proportional to Signup and view all the answers

How does the length (L) of the airways affect the resistance (R) in the respiratory system?

R is directly proportional to L Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure of O2 at sea level based on the information provided?

160mmHg Signup and view all the answers

How does altitude affect atmospheric pressure according to the text?

Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atmospheric pressure when moving from sea level to a height of 5500m?

Halves Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of CO2 on atmospheric pressure based on the information given?

Negligible effect on atmospheric pressure Signup and view all the answers

How does altitude affect the values of PO2, PN2, and Patm based on the text?

All values decrease proportionally Signup and view all the answers

What is the atmospheric pressure at a building located 11km above sea level?

190mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of PN2 at an altitude of 5500m based on the information provided?

>400mmHg Signup and view all the answers

What will be the effect on PN2 if the height of a building is doubled from 5.5Km to 11Km above sea level?