Hamdan - Physiology

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Questions and Answers

What kind of disease does any obstruction in the conductive zone lead to?

  • Asthma
  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (correct)
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis

What is the purpose of prescribing Bronchodilation drugs for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)?

  • To decrease resistance in the airways (correct)
  • To clear mucus from the lungs
  • To reduce lung compliance
  • To increase resistance in the airways

Which disease is primarily associated with difficulties in the respiratory zone, such as pulmonary fibrosis?

  • Pulmonary Hypertension
  • Pulmonary Fibrosis (correct)
  • Asthma
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

What is the term used to describe the responsiveness of a structure to deformation by force?

<p>Compliance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what percentage are vascular zone diseases categorized according to the text?

<p>10% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical zone is referred to as the dead space?

<p>Conductive zone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does restriction typically relate to in terms of lung diseases?

<p>Respiratory zone diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if there is any obstruction in the conductive zone?

<p>'It leads to an obstructive disease' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gas will diffuse easier through a biological membrane according to the information provided?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In respiratory failure type 1, which gas is primarily affected?

<p>Oxygen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygen primarily diffuse from in the circulation system?

<p>Arterioles to interstitial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the PO2 in pulmonary capillaries according to the provided information?

<p>40mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the space between cells and capillaries known as?

<p>Interstitial (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of blood volume is in systemic capillaries according to the information provided?

<p>7% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much water is outside cells in our body according to the information provided?

<p>14 liters (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does oxygen primarily diffuse from in systemic circulation according to the information provided?

<p>Interstitium to cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the respiratory system in the conductive zone?

<p>Filtration of air and humidification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of water vapor ($P_{H_2O}$) in the respiratory system at 37°C?

<p>47 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of oxygen ($P_{O_2}$) in the alveoli?

<p>100 mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the partial pressure of nitrogen ($P_{N_2}$) in the respiratory system?

<p>It contributes to the total pressure but has no physiological role (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total pressure in the conductive zone?

<p>760 mmHg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($P_{CO_2}$) in the alveoli?

<p>40 mmHg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the partial pressures of gases in the respiratory system?

<p>The partial pressure of oxygen ($P_{O_2}$) in the alveoli is higher than in the conductive zone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following gases can be used to form biological compounds?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the atmospheric pressure for a person standing on top of Mount Everest, which is 8,888m above sea level?

<p>$226 \mathrm{mmHg}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) at the top of Mount Everest?

<p>$45 \mathrm{mmHg}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is high altitude considered one of the main reasons for hypoxia?

<p>Decreased atmospheric pressure leads to decreased oxygen availability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the conductive zone of the respiratory system?

<p>Providing a pathway for air to move in and out of the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the given text, how is the resistance (R) in the airways related to the radius (r) of the airways?

<p>R is inversely proportional to r^4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the respiratory zone of the respiratory system?

<p>To facilitate gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the viscosity () of the blood and the resistance (R) in the airways?

<p>R is directly proportional to (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the length (L) of the airways affect the resistance (R) in the respiratory system?

<p>R is directly proportional to L (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pressure of O2 at sea level based on the information provided?

<p>160mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does altitude affect atmospheric pressure according to the text?

<p>Atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atmospheric pressure when moving from sea level to a height of 5500m?

<p>Halves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of CO2 on atmospheric pressure based on the information given?

<p>Negligible effect on atmospheric pressure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does altitude affect the values of PO2, PN2, and Patm based on the text?

<p>All values decrease proportionally (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the atmospheric pressure at a building located 11km above sea level?

<p>190mmHg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of PN2 at an altitude of 5500m based on the information provided?

<p>&gt;400mmHg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be the effect on PN2 if the height of a building is doubled from 5.5Km to 11Km above sea level?

<p>Halves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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