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Questions and Answers
What percentage of Baguio City's water supply comes from groundwater?
What percentage of Baguio City's water supply comes from groundwater?
Which of the following is NOT a property of rainwater?
Which of the following is NOT a property of rainwater?
How do ions in seawater primarily differ from river water?
How do ions in seawater primarily differ from river water?
What is the primary function of an aquifer?
What is the primary function of an aquifer?
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What is the main environmental concern associated with gold mine tailings?
What is the main environmental concern associated with gold mine tailings?
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Which layer is characterized by a rapid decrease in temperature with depth?
Which layer is characterized by a rapid decrease in temperature with depth?
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What effect can dam construction have on aquatic life?
What effect can dam construction have on aquatic life?
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Which mineral primarily comprises seawater's dissolved ions?
Which mineral primarily comprises seawater's dissolved ions?
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When water weathers rocks, what fundamental change occurs?
When water weathers rocks, what fundamental change occurs?
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What is the atmospheric turnover time for precipitation according to the provided information?
What is the atmospheric turnover time for precipitation according to the provided information?
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What process involves the breakdown of organic matter, releasing carbon into the soil?
What process involves the breakdown of organic matter, releasing carbon into the soil?
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What is the primary source of carbon that forms fossil fuels like coal and oil?
What is the primary source of carbon that forms fossil fuels like coal and oil?
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In the water cycle, what occurs immediately after evaporation of water?
In the water cycle, what occurs immediately after evaporation of water?
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What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by water?
What percentage of Earth's surface is covered by water?
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What role did volcanic activity play in the formation of early Earth's hydrosphere?
What role did volcanic activity play in the formation of early Earth's hydrosphere?
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Which phase in the water cycle involves plants releasing water vapor into the atmosphere?
Which phase in the water cycle involves plants releasing water vapor into the atmosphere?
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What process describes the falling of water droplets from clouds back to Earth?
What process describes the falling of water droplets from clouds back to Earth?
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Where does the majority of Earth's water reside?
Where does the majority of Earth's water reside?
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The condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere leads directly to which component of the water cycle?
The condensation of water vapor in the atmosphere leads directly to which component of the water cycle?
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What primarily contributes to the release of CO2 back into the atmosphere?
What primarily contributes to the release of CO2 back into the atmosphere?
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Which gas was NOT a major component of the early atmosphere?
Which gas was NOT a major component of the early atmosphere?
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What primarily causes the decrease in temperature in the troposphere with increasing altitude?
What primarily causes the decrease in temperature in the troposphere with increasing altitude?
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Which layer of the atmosphere contains the majority of the ozone?
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the majority of the ozone?
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What is the Karman line commonly associated with?
What is the Karman line commonly associated with?
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Which gas is responsible for varying concentrations in the atmosphere along with humidity?
Which gas is responsible for varying concentrations in the atmosphere along with humidity?
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What primarily contributes to atmospheric phenomena like clouds and rain?
What primarily contributes to atmospheric phenomena like clouds and rain?
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At what altitude does the mesosphere extend up to?
At what altitude does the mesosphere extend up to?
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Which of the following layers exhibits an increase in temperature with altitude?
Which of the following layers exhibits an increase in temperature with altitude?
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What is the primary role of aerosols in the atmosphere?
What is the primary role of aerosols in the atmosphere?
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Which of the following statements about humidity is true?
Which of the following statements about humidity is true?
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What primarily causes the temperature increase in the upper atmosphere?
What primarily causes the temperature increase in the upper atmosphere?
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Which of the following is NOT a main function of the atmosphere?
Which of the following is NOT a main function of the atmosphere?
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What causes the variation in seasons on Earth?
What causes the variation in seasons on Earth?
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Which process describes how Earth's atmosphere retains heat?
Which process describes how Earth's atmosphere retains heat?
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During which months does Baguio City experience a wet season?
During which months does Baguio City experience a wet season?
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Which component is primarily recycled through the carbon cycle?
Which component is primarily recycled through the carbon cycle?
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What is the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
What is the role of photosynthesis in the carbon cycle?
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How does the greenhouse effect influence Earth's surface temperature?
How does the greenhouse effect influence Earth's surface temperature?
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What accounts for the high levels of annual precipitation in Baguio City?
What accounts for the high levels of annual precipitation in Baguio City?
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Which gas is not a component of Earth's atmosphere?
Which gas is not a component of Earth's atmosphere?
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Study Notes
Atmosphere
- The atmosphere is a gaseous layer surrounding Earth.
- Air, the mixture of gases in the atmosphere, is primarily composed of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).
- Water vapor and aerosols are key components influencing atmospheric phenomena.
- Atmospheric composition varies with altitude, becoming less dense as altitude increases.
- Early Earth's atmosphere was primarily methane, ammonia, water vapor, and neon, with significantly higher carbon dioxide content.
- Unicellular organisms played a role in providing oxygen to the atmosphere.
Atmosphere's Composition
- Permanent Gases: Nitrogen (N2), Oxygen (O2), Argon (Ar)
- Variable Gases: Water vapor (H2O), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4), Ozone (O3), and other trace gases
- These variable gases have varying concentrations dependent on location and time.
Layers of the Atmosphere
- The atmosphere is divided into layers based on temperature gradients. These include the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.
- Troposphere: Lowest layer; Contains most weather phenomena; Temperature decreases with altitude.
- Stratosphere: Contains much of the atmosphere's ozone; Temperature increases with altitude.
- Mesosphere: Temperature decreases with altitude.
- Thermosphere: Temperature increases with altitude due to absorbing solar radiation.
- Exosphere: Outermost layer, where atmosphere merges with space
Humidity
- Air contains water vapor, and humidity varies geographically and is affected by temperature.
- Air also contains solid particles, which influence atmospheric phenomena.
Greenhouse Effect
- The greenhouse effect is a natural process that traps heat in Earth's atmosphere.
- Gases in the atmosphere absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, warming the planet.
- The process is essential for maintaining a habitable temperature on Earth. Without this effect, the Earth would be significantly colder.
Hydrosphere
- The hydrosphere encompasses all water on Earth's surface, underground, and in the atmosphere.
- Water on Earth formed around the same time as the atmosphere.
- During the late heavy bombardment period, water arrived on Earth via chemical reactions, meteorites, or comets.
- Volcanic activity released water vapor in the early Earth.
Distribution of Water on Earth
- About 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water
- Oceans hold around 96.5% of all the water on Earth.
Water Cycle
- The water cycle describe the continuous processes (evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, runoff) by which water moves between the Earth's surface and atmosphere.
Groundwater
- Groundwater is water located beneath the Earth's surface.
- Fills pores and fractures in rock; Important to water supply
River and Ocean Water
- Salinity refers to the dissolved salt content of water.
- Seawater contains about 3.5% dissolved salts; River water contains much less salt.
Water Properties and Composition
- Water in rivers and lakes contains dissolved minerals and salts from surrounding rocks.
- Water temperature influences the amount of minerals it can dissolve.
- Mine tailings can affect water quality due to pollution from the mining process.
Water-Rock Interactions
- Water can change the composition of rocks through weathering processes.
- Water's mobility helps elements be transferred from place to another.
- Groundwater is often affected by mining and construction.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of Earth's atmosphere, including its composition, layers, and the role of unicellular organisms in oxygen production. Dive into the complexities of gases and how their concentrations change with altitude and time.
