Geography June exam P1 (Medium)
369 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary source of energy for the Earth's atmosphere?

  • Particles from space and the Earth
  • Insolation (INcoming SOLar RadiATION) (correct)
  • Moisture
  • Gases like carbon dioxide

    • Which of the following is NOT a store within the atmosphere?

  • Gases like nitrogen and oxygen
  • Particles from volcanic eruptions (correct)
  • Moisture
  • Heat energy

    • What is a role of non-gases within the atmosphere?

  • To emit gases and solids
  • To emit terrestrial radiation
  • To circulate heat energy
  • To play crucial roles in cloud formation and radiation reflection (correct)

    • Which process results in moisture being released back into space or returned to Earth's surface?

    <p>Precipitation processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do constant gases in the atmosphere refer to?

    <p>Nitrogen and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does INcoming SOLar RadiATION represent in the atmosphere's inputs?

    <p>Primary source of energy for the Earth's atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the atmosphere mentioned in the text?

    <p>Production and distribution of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect but can lead to global warming at increased levels?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the atmosphere does the temperature increase with altitude due to absorption of UV radiation?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the atmosphere primarily protects against harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun?

    <p>Ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of Earth's heat energy according to the text?

    <p>Solar energy (insolation)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas, although non-reactive, is mentioned in the text as being essential for plant growth?

    <p>Argon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere is characterized by all weather processes occurring within it?

    <p>Troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes daily (diurnal) temperature changes on Earth according to the text?

    <p>Rotation of Earth on its axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere is responsible for protecting against harmful ultraviolet radiation but can be negatively impacted by pollutants like CFCs?

    <p>Ozone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere is identified as the coldest where meteors burn up and noctilucent clouds form?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process that facilitates the transfer of heat through direct contact?

    <p>Conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does temperature generally decrease with altitude in the troposphere?

    <p>Greater distance from the Earth's heat source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly affects temperatures of nearby land areas by either raising or lowering them?

    <p>Ocean currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of liquid water in the atmosphere?

    <p>Formation of clouds and fog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which physical state is water found in snowflakes and ice crystals?

    <p>Solid Ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the direct shift from solid ice to gaseous water vapor?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is ocean proximity significant for coastal regions in moderating temperatures?

    <p>High specific heat capacity of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Enhanced salination' mentioned refers to what environmental impact?

    <p>Elevated salt content in freshwater sources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact can increased greenhouse gases have on natural habitats?

    <p>Potential species extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern associated with an 'enhanced greenhouse effect'?

    <p>Substantial increase in global temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the crystal size within igneous rocks?

    <p>Rate of cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sedimentary rocks form?

    <p>Compaction and cementation of sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does metamorphic rock undergo?

    <p>Alteration under pressure and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrusive igneous body is typically horizontal?

    <p>Sills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes sedimentary rock landforms?

    <p>Caves, springs, aquifers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposed the idea of continental drift?

    <p>Continental Drift Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?

    <p>&quot;Geology and Fossils&quot; and coal deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Lystrosaurus" fossils are used as evidence for...

    <p>&quot;Distribution of Fossils&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the movement of tectonic plates?

    <p>Mantle convection currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth plays a significant role in shaping landscapes?

    <p>Lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the immediate impacts of earthquakes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Destruction to utility lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do developing countries often suffer greater devastation from earthquakes according to the text?

    <p>Less stringent building codes and less robust emergency response capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health and safety risk mentioned in relation to earthquakes?

    <p>Increased risk of diseases and injuries from debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do developed countries differ from developing countries in terms of infrastructure and preparedness for earthquakes?

    <p>Developing countries may have less robust emergency response capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the disruption of water, gas, and electricity supplies following an earthquake?

    <p>Shortages of essential resources like drinking water and food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tight spacing between isobars on a synoptic weather map indicate?

    <p>Strong winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which satellite spectrum is useful for observing cloud structures, cold fronts, and thunderstorms during the day?

    <p>Visible Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Earth's outermost solid layer where we live known as?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle?

    <p>Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is composed of solid but plastic-like rock capable of flow?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid layer beneath the mantle primarily composed of nickel and iron?

    <p>Outer Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what approximate depth is the mantle located beneath the Earth's crust?

    <p>~2,250 km</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all Earth's water is stored in the oceans?

    <p>97.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process in the water cycle involves water molecules transitioning from liquid to vapor?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloud can lead to thunderstorms?

    <p>Cumulonimbus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the measure of the current amount of water vapor relative to the maximum possible at the same temperature?

    <p>Relative humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hail typically generated?

    <p>In cold clouds with water vapor freezing into crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental mechanism of rainfall is driven by the heating of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Convectional Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of clouds does precipitation often occur?

    <p>Cumulonimbus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of earthquakes?

    <p>Movement of tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which seismic waves move the ground up and down and sideways, but only through solids?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are block mountains formed between?

    <p>Faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is created by fault movements where a depressed block is formed?

    <p>Rift Valleys (Grabens)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor leads to the formation of reverse faults or folds?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between Primary Waves (P-waves) and Secondary Waves (S-waves)?

    <p>Affected materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable example of a fold mountain mentioned in the text?

    <p>Rockies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Horsts' are associated with which of the following geological features?

    <p>'Block Mountains'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Tourism' is a significant human activity associated with which type of landscape?

    <p>'Fold Mountains'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do rivers flowing through mountains play in human activity?

    <p>Hydroelectric power generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plate margin is characterized by plates moving apart and forming new crust?

    <p>Divergent Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate margin involves an oceanic plate subducting under a continental plate?

    <p>Destructive Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process is responsible for the formation of fold mountains like the Himalayas?

    <p>Folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal?

    <p>Recumbent Fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for preparing and managing volcanic threats effectively?

    <p>Running evacuation drills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sedimentary rocks most prone to folding?

    <p>They are deposited in horizontal layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of plate margin do plates slide past each other without creating or destroying crust?

    <p>Transform Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of gases are mentioned in the text as part of the atmosphere's composition?

    <p>Greenhouse gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of moisture in the atmosphere according to the text?

    <p>Affecting weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process contributes to the release of heat back into space as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Insolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant function of non-gases within the atmosphere based on the information provided?

    <p>Playing a role in cloud formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phenomenon results in moisture being either released back into space or returning to Earth's surface?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key output from the atmosphere that is emitted through processes like photosynthesis as per the text?

    <p>Gases and solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the natural greenhouse effect on Earth?

    <p>Trapping heat and maintaining temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do coastal regions typically experience more moderated temperatures compared to inland areas?

    <p>Specific heat capacity of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results in the transformation of liquid water into water vapor?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does radiation facilitate the transfer of energy from the Earth to the atmosphere?

    <p>By converting short-wave solar radiation to long-wave infrared radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes temperature generally to decrease with altitude in the troposphere?

    <p>Distance from Earth's heat source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does convection facilitate the movement of heat in the atmosphere and oceans?

    <p>By mass motion of heated molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of rising sea levels on coastal and low-lying regions?

    <p>Affecting agriculture and ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are snowflakes, hail, or ice crystals made of in colder climates and high altitudes?

    <p>Solid ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process bypasses the liquid phase by directly shifting from solid ice to gaseous water vapor?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents influence temperatures of nearby land areas?

    <p>Significantly affect temperatures by either raising or lowering them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all Earth's water is stored in the oceans?

    <p>97.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of freshwater resources is distributed among ice caps, glaciers, groundwater, soil moisture, and rivers?

    <p>2.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the hydrological cycle, what is primarily responsible for the transition of water molecules from liquid to vapor?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of clouds are described as tall, dark clouds that can lead to thunderstorms?

    <p>Cumulonimbus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process where condensed water droplets coalesce in clouds and fall due to gravity?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Relative humidity' is a measure of the current amount of water vapor relative to what?

    <p>Maximum possible at the same temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental mechanism induces precipitation by forcing moist winds upward over terrain?

    <p>Relief Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Stratus' clouds are low, flat clouds that can lead to what type of weather?

    <p>Drizzle or light rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Frost' occurs when dew or atmospheric moisture freezes due to what condition?

    <p>'Below-freezing temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hail' is generated in cumulonimbus clouds due to cycles of water droplets until they grow too heavy and do what?

    <p>'Freeze into solid hailstones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of isobars on synoptic weather maps?

    <p>Connect points with equal atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tight isobar spacing on a synoptic weather map affect wind conditions?

    <p>Suggest strong winds due to steep pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spectrum of satellite imagery is critical for night-time meteorology?

    <p>Infrared Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do circular patterns of isobars on synoptic weather maps represent?

    <p>High or low pressure areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) mark the boundary?

    <p>Between the crust and mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is composed of solid but plastic-like rock?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the Earth's Outer Core primarily made of?

    <p>Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is satellite technology crucial in modern meteorology?

    <p>To track large-scale weather patterns effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of isobars on synoptic weather maps?

    <p>Connect points with equal pressure levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do symbols for temperature, dew point, cloud cover, wind direction, and speed provide on synoptic maps?

    <p>Detailed insights into current weather conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks are typically characterized by caves, springs, and aquifers?

    <p>Sedimentary rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor determining crystal size within igneous rocks?

    <p>Rate of cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is formed when magma fills and solidifies in cracks across existing rock layers?

    <p>Pipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the theory of continental drift?

    <p>Unique fossil distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the alteration of mineral composition and structure of existing rocks?

    <p>Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock is characterized by residual landforms known as tors?

    <p>Igneous rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process involved in forming sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Deposition and compaction of sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intrusive body is characterized by large masses of igneous rock deep below the Earth's surface?

    <p>Batholiths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the movement of tectonic plates?

    <p>Mantle convection currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is created by magma intrusion between rock layers causing uplift?

    <p>Sills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ozone layer crucial for Earth?

    <p>To protect against harmful UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas contributes to the greenhouse effect and is crucial for photosynthesis?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the troposphere?

    <p>Conducting weather processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of oxygen in the atmosphere?

    <p>To support respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the temperature to decrease with altitude in the troposphere?

    <p>All weather processes occurring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbon dioxide impact global warming?

    <p>By increasing greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere is characterized by meteors burning up and noctilucent clouds forming?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological processes lead to the formation of block mountains (horsts) between faults?

    <p>Lateral Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic waves are responsible for rolling the ground similarly to ocean waves?

    <p>Surface Waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of rivers flowing through mountains in human activities?

    <p>Providing irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of earthquakes that result from rocks sliding past each other?

    <p>Tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do earthquake waves originate within the Earth?

    <p>Focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary geological process responsible for the formation of rift valleys (grabens)?

    <p>Tension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of Earth's crustal movements lead to reverse faults or folds?

    <p>Compression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do earthquakes significantly affect human activities?

    <p>Disrupting infrastructure and settlements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary impact of undersea disturbances like earthquakes on coastal regions?

    <p>Causing coastal flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes fold mountains like the Alps suitable for terrace farming?

    <p>Flat terrain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the immediate impacts of earthquakes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Disruption of infrastructure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do developing countries often suffer greater devastation from earthquakes according to the text?

    <p>Higher population densities in vulnerable areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common impact on health and safety highlighted in the text following an earthquake?

    <p>Increased risk of chemical spills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do developed countries differ from developing countries in terms of earthquake impacts?

    <p>Developing countries may lack stringent building codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect highlights a significant difference between developed and developing countries' earthquake responses?

    <p>The existence of preparedness strategies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are fold mountains primarily formed?

    <p>As a result of intense pressure and folding at collision margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate margin involves magma rising and solidifying to form new crust?

    <p>Divergent margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological activity is often associated with destructive plate margins?

    <p>Severe earthquakes and volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do synclines differ from anticlines in terms of their folding structures?

    <p>Anticlines are simple, step-like folds while synclines have near-horizontal limbs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological processes shape the Earth's crust through the movements of tectonic plates?

    <p>Folding and faulting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary geologic feature created by a recumbent fold?

    <p>Nearly horizontal limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions does an overfold typically form?

    <p>Under intense pressure causing breaking and sliding over itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do synclines differ from monoclines in their folding structures?

    <p>Monoclines have a step-like fold with tilted rock layers in one direction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geological activity is associated with collision margins?

    <p>Strong earthquakes but no volcanic activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of particles from space and the Earth are included as inputs into the atmosphere?

    <p>Dust and smoke particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a store within the atmosphere system?

    <p>Heat energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released back into space or returned to the Earth's surface as outputs from the atmosphere?

    <p>Moisture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is heat energy primarily transferred to the atmosphere from the Earth's surface?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mountain peaks near the equator remain snow-capped despite being at high altitudes?

    <p>Distance from the Earth's heat source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of enhanced greenhouse gases on global temperatures?

    <p>Increase in global temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state does water exist when it is transformed from liquid to gaseous form directly?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does convection play in transferring heat within the atmosphere and oceans?

    <p>Mass motion of heated molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are coastal regions' temperatures moderated compared to inland areas?

    <p>Specific heat capacity of water and its heat distribution ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does temperature generally decrease with altitude in the troposphere?

    <p>Distance from Earth's heat source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of liquid water in the atmosphere with regard to weather processes?

    <p>Leads to cloud formation and potential precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process leads to the direct transformation of absorbed short-wave solar radiation into long-wave infrared radiation?

    <p>Radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ocean currents significant in impacting land temperatures?

    <p>They transfer energy via warm or cold currents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common immediate impact of earthquakes according to the text?

    <p>Disruption of water and electricity supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do developed countries differ from developing countries in terms of earthquake preparedness?

    <p>Developed countries have stricter building codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the health and safety risks mentioned as an immediate impact of earthquakes?

    <p>Increased risk of fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may developing countries suffer greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

    <p>Less stringent building codes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does an earthquake have on infrastructure according to the text?

    <p>Leads to destruction of buildings and roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ozone layer within the atmosphere?

    <p>To absorb harmful ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is carbon dioxide considered crucial in the atmosphere despite its low concentration?

    <p>It leads to global warming through the greenhouse effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which atmospheric layer has the characteristic of increasing temperature with altitude?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes temperature variations over space on Earth?

    <p>Changes in solar radiation intensity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are nitrous gases like argon and helium mentioned in the composition of the atmosphere?

    <p>They play a non-reactive role in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do daily (diurnal) temperature changes occur on Earth according to the text?

    <p>Resulting from Earth's rotation on its axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key role played by non-gases within the atmosphere?

    <p>Affecting weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to solar radiation that is scattered by atmospheric molecules?

    <p>It contributes to changes in albedo and temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the thermosphere from other atmospheric layers?

    <p>A sharp increase in temperature with altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the troposphere in terms of weather processes and temperature?

    <p>All weather processes occur, and temperature decreases with altitude.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do synoptic weather maps and satellite imagery play in modern meteorology?

    <p>Aiding in safeguarding lives and property against adverse weather</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is tight spacing between isobars on a synoptic weather map significant?

    <p>It signifies strong winds caused by a steep pressure gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the visible spectrum in satellite imagery according to the text?

    <p>Observing cloud structures, cold fronts, and thunderstorms during the day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth is composed of solid but plastic-like rock?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid layer beneath the mantle primarily composed of?

    <p>Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Earth's crust in relation to the lithosphere?

    <p>Acting as a solid upper layer along with the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do satellites aid in large area monitoring according to the text?

    <p>By offering a detailed view essential for tracking large-scale weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the inner core of the Earth remain solid despite extreme heat?

    <p>Because of immense pressures at Earth's center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by wide spacing between isobars on a synoptic weather map?

    <p>Calmer wind conditions due to low pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is satellite technology crucial for weather forecasting?

    <p>To provide comprehensive imagery from space for real-time forecasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Earth's total water resources does freshwater constitute?

    <p>2.5%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the transformation of water vapor back into liquid or solid forms within clouds?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clouds are high-altitude, thin, wispy clouds that often indicate an approaching cold front?

    <p>Cirrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of precipitation occurs when condensed water droplets coalesce in clouds and fall due to gravity?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental mechanism of rainfall is driven by the heating of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Convectional Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measure of the current amount of water vapor relative to the maximum possible at the same temperature?

    <p>% Relative Humidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which process does water vapor freeze into crystals within cold clouds?

    <p>% Snow Formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tight spacing between isobars on a synoptic weather map indicate?

    Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the boundary between the Earth's outermost solid layer and the mantle?

    <p>Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when moist winds are forced upward by terrain, cooling and condensing to form precipitation on windward slopes?

    <p>Relief or Orographic Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of earthquakes discussed in the text?

    <p>Sliding of tectonic plates past each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fault is characterized by rocks being pushed together?

    <p>Reverse fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is associated with elevated blocks formed between faults?

    <p>Block mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of seismic waves are the fastest, squeezing or stretching the ground?

    <p>Primary waves (P-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that involves undersea earthquakes lifting or lowering the ocean floor?

    <p>Tsunami</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What measurement scale quantifies the energy released by an earthquake?

    <p>Richter scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of earthquakes are categorized as capable of causing serious to catastrophic damage?

    <p>'Major to Great' earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do surface waves do that makes them destructive?

    <p>Move the ground up and down and sideways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of seismographs in relation to earthquakes?

    <p>Recording seismic wave details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process leads to the formation of rift valleys (grabens)?

    <p>Faulting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plate margin results in the formation of new crust and mid-ocean ridges?

    <p>Constructive Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fold is characterized by a simple, step-like fold where rock layers are tilted in one direction?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process gives rise to fold mountains such as the Himalayas?

    <p>Folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what type of plate margin does an oceanic plate subduct under a continental plate?

    <p>Destructive Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of geological boundary is characterized by plates moving apart?

    <p>Divergent Boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism behind the formation of folds in rock layers?

    <p>Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fold is characterized by limbs that are nearly horizontal and forms under very high pressure?

    <p>Recumbent Fold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario do two continental plates collide, pushing material upward to form mountain ranges?

    <p>Collision Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geological activity is triggered by an oceanic plate subducting under a continental plate?

    <p>Strong earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of plate boundary involves plates sliding past each other without creating or destroying crust?

    <p>Conservative Margins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy for the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Particles from space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the stores within the atmosphere as per the text?

    <p>Ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do particles from volcanic eruptions, soil erosion, and other sources contribute to the atmosphere?

    <p>Increased oxygen levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an output from the atmosphere as discussed in the text?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do non-gases like dust, salt, and smoke particles play within the atmosphere?

    <p>Causing ozone depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is moisture released from the atmosphere back into space or returned to Earth's surface?

    <p>Through volcanic eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ozone layer in the atmosphere?

    <p>Protecting against harmful ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere contributes to the greenhouse effect but at increased levels can lead to global warming?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the troposphere layer of the atmosphere?

    <p>All weather processes occur here</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the atmosphere is mostly inert but essential for plant growth?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of Earth's heat energy according to the text?

    <p>Absorption of solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere experiences the highest temperatures due to ultraviolet radiation absorption?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a critical role in maintaining Earth's temperature and weather patterns?

    <p>The greenhouse effect and cloud formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes daily temperature changes on Earth due to rotating on its axis?

    <p>The Earth rotating on its axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for daily temperature changes on Earth?

    <p>Diurnal temperature changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere is characterized by meteors burning up and noctilucent clouds forming?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common immediate impact of earthquakes mentioned in the text?

    <p>Building destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do developing countries often suffer greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

    <p>Less robust infrastructure and emergency response capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of risk is associated with earthquakes according to the text?

    <p>Health and safety risks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In developed countries, what contributes to their better earthquake resilience?

    <p>Advanced emergency services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resource shortages are mentioned as immediate impacts of earthquakes?

    <p>Disrupted electricity supplies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of convection in transferring energy from the Earth's surface to the atmosphere?

    <p>Moving heat by the motion of heated molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents impact the temperatures of nearby land areas?

    <p>Moderate temperatures by distributing heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mountain peaks near the equator sometimes remain snow-capped despite being closer to the heat source?

    <p>Temperature decreases with altitude in the troposphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what state does water vapor exist in the atmosphere, significantly influencing weather and climate?

    <p>Gaseous form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process results in liquid water cooling to form clouds and potentially lead to precipitation?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the enhanced greenhouse effect considered a threat due to human activities?

    <p>It intensifies the trapping of heat in the atmosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do rising sea levels impact coastal and low-lying regions based on the text?

    <p>Affecting coastal areas negatively through inundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physical state of water plays a crucial role in forming snowflakes, hail, or ice crystals?

    <p>Liquid water droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of relative humidity as mentioned in the text?

    <p>It indicates the percentage of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum possible at the same temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of energy driving the hydrological or water cycle according to the text?

    <p>Solar energy from the sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of cloud formation do clouds form due to moist air rising, cooling, and reaching saturation around condensation nuclei?

    <p>Cumulonimbus clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental mechanism of rainfall is primarily driven by moist winds being forced upward by terrain and cooling to form precipitation?

    <p>Relief or orographic rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of precipitation is generated when water droplets coalesce in clouds and fall due to gravity after reaching maximum moisture capacity?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloud is often associated with an approaching cold front but does not typically produce precipitation?

    <p>Cirrus clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes atmospheric water vapor to transition from liquid to vapor through evaporation?

    <p>Solar radiation heating oceans directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental mechanism of rainfall results from warm, moist air being lifted over cooler air in frontal systems?

    <p>Cyclonic or Frontal Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does most of Earth's freshwater resources come from as described in the text?

    <p>Ice caps and glaciers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the transformation of water vapor back into liquid or solid forms critical for precipitation as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tight spacing between isobars on a synoptic weather map indicate?

    <p>Strong winds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the Earth's outer core?

    <p>Nickel (Ni)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spectrum is critical for night-time meteorology and provides data on cloud formation and air temperature differences?

    <p>Infrared Spectrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Earth's mantle?

    <p>To house tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Earth remains solid despite extreme heat due to immense pressures at Earth's center?

    <p>Inner Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of information do symbols on synoptic maps provide related to wind?

    <p>Wind direction only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle marked by?

    <p>Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is satellite imagery considered crucial for weather forecasting?

    <p>To provide real-time comprehensive imagery from space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do circular patterns of isobars on synoptic weather maps usually represent?

    <p>High pressure areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the visible spectrum useful for when observing weather phenomena during the day?

    <p>Assessing cloud structures and cold fronts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which geological process is primarily responsible for the formation of fold mountains like the Himalayas?

    <p>Folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold is characterized by downward U-shaped structures in rock layers?

    <p>Syncline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geological terms, what do recumbent folds indicate?

    <p>High pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of plates are involved in the formation of fold mountains?

    <p>Continental and oceanic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tectonic plate boundary results in the formation of new crust and mid-ocean ridges?

    <p>Divergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological event is likely to occur at a conservative plate margin?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the likelihood of severe earthquakes at sticking conservative plate margins?

    <p>Pressure build-up</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which type of plate boundary does subduction occur, leading to deep-sea trenches and volcanic island arcs?

    <p>Convergent boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nappe' folds are associated with extreme pressure causing rocks to not only fold but also break and slide over themselves. In which type of geological process are these folds commonly formed?

    <p>Folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes collision margins from other types of plate boundaries in terms of geological outcomes?

    <p>Mountain formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process involved in the formation of sedimentary rock?

    <p>Erosion of existing rock into sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do batholiths differ from laccoliths?

    <p>Batholiths are deep below the Earth's surface and exposed over time, whereas laccoliths are formed through cracks in existing rock.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinctive feature characterizes igneous rock landforms known as tors?

    <p>Exposed core-stones from surrounding material erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs without melting when forming metamorphic rocks?

    <p>Transformation under extreme pressure and temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates intrusive igneous activity from extrusive igneous activity?

    <p>Intrusive activity involves magma cooling and solidifying below ground, while extrusive activity occurs on the Earth's surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological factor significantly influences the resistance to erosion in landforms?

    <p>Type of rock present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sills differ from dykes in terms of their orientation?

    <p>Dykes cut across existing rock layers vertically, while sills form horizontal intrusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process leads to the formation of block mountains (horsts)?

    <p>Horizontal movement causing strike-slip faults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landforms are created by fault movements like those in the East African Rift Valley?

    <p>Rift valleys (grabens)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic waves can move through solids and liquids, but not through gases?

    <p>Secondary Waves (S-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of a tsunami according to the text?

    <p>Large undersea disturbances like earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference in the movement of rocks that leads to reverse faults compared to normal faults?

    <p>Rocks being pushed together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tectonic plate boundary is characterized by rocks being pulled apart, leading to normal faults?

    <p>Divergent plate boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of seismic waves squeeze and stretch the ground as they travel through the Earth's crust?

    <p>(P-waves) Primary Waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of the surface waves in terms of their speed and destructiveness?

    <p>Slowest but most destructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary inputs into the Earth's atmosphere as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Insolation and particles from space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a store within the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Moisture in various forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key role do non-gases like dust, salt, and smoke particles play in the atmosphere?

    <p>Cloud formation and radiation reflection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process results in the release of moisture from the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gases is classified as a 'variable gas' within the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary output from the Earth's atmosphere that gets released back into space?

    <p>Terrestrial radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does atmospheric water vapor play in the hydrological cycle?

    <p>Contributing to cloud formation through condensation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cloud can lead to thunderstorms?

    <p>Cumulonimbus clouds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What weather condition do cirrus clouds typically indicate?

    <p>Approaching cold front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is hail generated according to the text?

    <p>Through updrafts cycling water droplets until they freeze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental mechanism is responsible for relief or orographic rain?

    <p>Moist winds rising due to terrain features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which form of precipitation is directly attributed to condensed water droplets coalescing in clouds?

    <p>Rain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what geological situation does convectional rain occur?

    <p>Due to heating of the Earth's surface causing moist air to rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Relative humidity' is a measure of what compared to its maximum at the same temperature?

    <p>% Water vapor in the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes stratus clouds from cumulus clouds in terms of weather outcomes?

    <p>Cumulus clouds lead to drizzle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is facilitated by condensation nuclei like dust particles in the atmosphere?

    <p>Transition of water vapor to liquid form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why may developing countries suffer greater devastation from earthquakes compared to developed countries?

    <p>Developing countries have less robust emergency response capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant health risk associated with earthquakes according to the text?

    <p>Increased risk of diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do earthquakes contribute to resource shortages?

    <p>By disrupting the supply of electricity and gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common impact of earthquakes on infrastructure?

    <p>Causing destruction to buildings and roads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do earthquake impacts in developed countries differ from those in developing countries?

    <p>Impacts are less severe in developed countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the formation of larger crystals within igneous rocks?

    <p>Rate of cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock is characterized by caves, springs, and aquifers?

    <p>Sedimentary rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intrusive body is typically vertical and cuts across existing rock layers?

    <p>Dykes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that influences the resistance to erosion and permeability of landforms?

    <p>Geological structures and rock type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity does intrusive igneous activity refer to?

    <p>The process where magma cools below the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between batholiths and laccoliths?

    <p>Large masses vs. smaller, typically shaped bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process alters the mineral composition and structure of existing rocks without melting?

    <p>Metamorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of sills compared to dykes?

    <p>Formation between rock layers vs. cutting across rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rocks transform under extreme pressure and temperature conditions to form metamorphic rocks?

    <p>Both igneous and sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes laccoliths from lopoliths?

    <p>'R'-shaped structures vs. 'U'-shaped structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of incoming solar radiation is absorbed in the atmosphere?

    <p>19%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the atmosphere experiences a temperature increase with altitude due to the absorption of UV radiation?

    <p>Stratosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas in the atmosphere is crucial for photosynthesis but can lead to global warming at increased levels?

    <p>Carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ozone layer in the atmosphere?

    <p>Protecting against UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which atmospheric layer do meteors burn up and noctilucent clouds form?

    <p>Mesosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of Earth's heat for various atmospheric processes?

    <p><strong>Insolation</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gas primarily comprises about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere?

    <p><strong>Nitrogen</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    Scattering of solar radiation influences which atmospheric property related to Earth's surface?

    <p><strong>Earth's albedo</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of isobars on synoptic weather maps?

    <p>Representing points of equal atmospheric pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the ozone layer crucial for Earth?

    <p>It prevents harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental mechanism of rainfall is driven by the heating of the Earth's surface?

    <p>Convectional rainfall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the troposphere in terms of weather processes and temperature?

    <p>Temperature generally decreases with altitude</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents impact the temperatures of nearby land areas?

    <p>They moderate temperatures by transferring heat energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process leads to the formation of rift valleys (grabens)?

    <p>Tensional forces at divergent plate boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hail' is generated in cumulonimbus clouds due to cycles of water droplets until they grow too heavy and do what?

    <p>Fall to the ground as ice pellets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of non-gases within the atmosphere based on the information provided?

    <p>To contribute to cloud formation and precipitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory proposed the idea of continental drift?

    <p>Theory of Plate Tectonics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In geological terms, what do recumbent folds indicate?

    <p>Horizontal compression leading to overturned rock layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What atmospheric process involves the transformation of liquid water into water vapor?

    <p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do mountain peaks near the equator sometimes remain snow-capped despite their high altitudes?

    <p>Higher exposure to solar radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily influences temperature changes with altitude in the troposphere?

    <p>Distance from Earth's heat source</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what form does solid ice primarily exist at high altitudes?

    <p>Snowflakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the direct shift from solid ice to gaseous water vapor?

    <p>Sublimation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical state does liquid water primarily take in clouds and fog?

    <p>Liquid droplets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ocean currents impact temperatures of nearby land areas?

    <p>By raising or lowering temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process leads to the formation of block mountains?

    <p>Folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of fault do rocks fracture due to compression leading to reverse faults?

    <p>Thrust fault</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seismic waves travel through the Earth's crust and squeeze or stretch the ground?

    <p>Primary Waves (P-waves)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary geological feature associated with rift valleys caused by fault movements?

    <p>Grabens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural disaster can be mitigated by understanding folding and faulting processes?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tectonic force can lead to the formation of strike-slip faults like the San Andreas Fault?

    <p>Shearing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What human activity is commonly associated with fold mountains due to suitable grazing conditions?

    <p>Terrace farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural event is primarily caused by the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines?

    <p>Earthquake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a seismograph in the context of earthquakes?

    <p>Record seismic waves details</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mountain is known for being popular destinations for eco-tourism and skiing?

    <p>Fold mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological activity results from plates moving apart at plate margins?

    <p>Mid-ocean ridge formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of plate margin involves plates sliding past each other without creating or destroying crust?

    <p>Conservative margin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tectonic activity occurs when two continental plates collide?

    <p>Mountain range formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of recumbent folds?

    <p>Nearly horizontal limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fold is characterized by rock layers tilted in one direction?

    <p>Monocline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geological activity is associated with transform plate margins?

    <p>Mountain range formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from intense pressure causing rocks to buckle and fold at plate boundaries?

    <p>'Nappe' fold creation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common structure formed by compressive forces at plate boundaries where tectonic plates collide?

    <p>'Overthrust fold'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Syncline' and 'anticline' folds differ in their:

    <p>'Directionality'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Collision margins' primarily result in the creation of:

    <p>'Mountain ranges'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser