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What characterized the period of peak activity from 1650 to 1730?
What characterized the period of peak activity from 1650 to 1730?
What was the primary intent of Atlantic history?
What was the primary intent of Atlantic history?
Which major event was part of the War of Spanish Succession?
Which major event was part of the War of Spanish Succession?
Which event marked the beginning of European conflicts over territories in the New World?
Which event marked the beginning of European conflicts over territories in the New World?
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What does transculturation refer to?
What does transculturation refer to?
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What was one of the three major strategies used to undermine Spanish power?
What was one of the three major strategies used to undermine Spanish power?
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Which abolished slavery in the year 1888?
Which abolished slavery in the year 1888?
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Who was known for his blockade of Charleston and had a fearsome reputation?
Who was known for his blockade of Charleston and had a fearsome reputation?
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What principle was common in both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of Cadiz?
What principle was common in both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of Cadiz?
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Which type of pirate held a Letter of Marque allowing them to engage in sanctioned piracy?
Which type of pirate held a Letter of Marque allowing them to engage in sanctioned piracy?
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Who were key figures in leading independence movements in Spanish colonies?
Who were key figures in leading independence movements in Spanish colonies?
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What characterized the common tactics of pirate attacks during the Golden Age of Piracy?
What characterized the common tactics of pirate attacks during the Golden Age of Piracy?
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The 'Night of Fire' is associated with which historical event?
The 'Night of Fire' is associated with which historical event?
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What social hierarchy existed in Saint-Domingue?
What social hierarchy existed in Saint-Domingue?
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What was the role of the Spanish Flotilla during the Golden Age?
What was the role of the Spanish Flotilla during the Golden Age?
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What was the 'Black Legend' in relation to the Spanish Empire?
What was the 'Black Legend' in relation to the Spanish Empire?
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The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the Atlantic between Spain and England.
The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the Atlantic between Spain and England.
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Privateers were independent marauders who engaged in illegal piracy without any authorization.
Privateers were independent marauders who engaged in illegal piracy without any authorization.
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Mary Read was one of the few documented female pirates during the Golden Age of Piracy.
Mary Read was one of the few documented female pirates during the Golden Age of Piracy.
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Buccaneers were known for targeting only French ships in the Caribbean.
Buccaneers were known for targeting only French ships in the Caribbean.
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The Spanish Main refers to the mainland coastal areas of Spanish territories that pirates frequently targeted.
The Spanish Main refers to the mainland coastal areas of Spanish territories that pirates frequently targeted.
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Direct military engagement was one of the strategies used to undermine Spanish power, with wars like the Anglo-Dutch War (1585–1604).
Direct military engagement was one of the strategies used to undermine Spanish power, with wars like the Anglo-Dutch War (1585–1604).
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Black Bart Roberts was one of the most successful pirates, known for capturing over 400 ships.
Black Bart Roberts was one of the most successful pirates, known for capturing over 400 ships.
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The Golden Age of Piracy was characterized by brutal attacks primarily on armed merchant ships.
The Golden Age of Piracy was characterized by brutal attacks primarily on armed merchant ships.
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The Slavery Abolition Act was enacted in 1833 by the British Empire.
The Slavery Abolition Act was enacted in 1833 by the British Empire.
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Toussaint L'Ouverture was a key figure in the Haitian Revolution, which began in 1791.
Toussaint L'Ouverture was a key figure in the Haitian Revolution, which began in 1791.
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The War of Spanish Succession occurred between 1701 and 1714 and was primarily fought in Asia.
The War of Spanish Succession occurred between 1701 and 1714 and was primarily fought in Asia.
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The Golden Age of Revolutions was characterized by a focus on liberty, equality, and reason during the Enlightenment.
The Golden Age of Revolutions was characterized by a focus on liberty, equality, and reason during the Enlightenment.
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Cuba abolished slavery in 1886 under the Portuguese Empire.
Cuba abolished slavery in 1886 under the Portuguese Empire.
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Equiano was a prominent abolitionist writer who was formerly enslaved.
Equiano was a prominent abolitionist writer who was formerly enslaved.
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The Free Womb Laws were aimed at granting freedom to enslaved peoples of all ages.
The Free Womb Laws were aimed at granting freedom to enslaved peoples of all ages.
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The Napoleonic Wars reshaped both European powers and their colonial ambitions from 1803 to 1815.
The Napoleonic Wars reshaped both European powers and their colonial ambitions from 1803 to 1815.
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Match the following pirates with their notable characteristics:
Match the following pirates with their notable characteristics:
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Match the following historical events with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following historical events with their corresponding descriptions:
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Match the types of abolition legislation with their respective countries:
Match the types of abolition legislation with their respective countries:
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Match the following strategies to undermine Spanish power with their descriptions:
Match the following strategies to undermine Spanish power with their descriptions:
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Match the social groups to their descriptions in Saint-Domingue:
Match the social groups to their descriptions in Saint-Domingue:
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Match the following territories with their respective major geographic features:
Match the following territories with their respective major geographic features:
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Match the figures with their respective contributions to the independence movements:
Match the figures with their respective contributions to the independence movements:
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Match the following historical events with their significance:
Match the following historical events with their significance:
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Match the key concepts of Atlantic history with their definitions:
Match the key concepts of Atlantic history with their definitions:
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Match the following pirate types with their descriptions:
Match the following pirate types with their descriptions:
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Match the enlightenment principles to their corresponding documents:
Match the enlightenment principles to their corresponding documents:
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Match the notable events with their time periods:
Match the notable events with their time periods:
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Match the following concepts with their related themes:
Match the following concepts with their related themes:
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Match the wars and conflicts with their key characteristics:
Match the wars and conflicts with their key characteristics:
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Match the following maritime practices with their attributes:
Match the following maritime practices with their attributes:
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Which conflict was characterized by the alliance of England and Austria against France and Spain?
Which conflict was characterized by the alliance of England and Austria against France and Spain?
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What gradual abolition measure allowed children of enslaved mothers to gain freedom?
What gradual abolition measure allowed children of enslaved mothers to gain freedom?
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Which major figure is associated with the Haitian Revolution and is known for his leadership during the slave revolt?
Which major figure is associated with the Haitian Revolution and is known for his leadership during the slave revolt?
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What type of social hierarchy existed in Saint-Domingue, differentiating between free people of color and whites?
What type of social hierarchy existed in Saint-Domingue, differentiating between free people of color and whites?
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Which document, signed in 1776, declared the thirteen American colonies' independence from British rule?
Which document, signed in 1776, declared the thirteen American colonies' independence from British rule?
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What major legislative change occurred in 1833 within the British Empire regarding slavery?
What major legislative change occurred in 1833 within the British Empire regarding slavery?
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How did the Enlightenment influence the independence movements during the Golden Age of Revolutions?
How did the Enlightenment influence the independence movements during the Golden Age of Revolutions?
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Which event marked the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791?
Which event marked the beginning of the Haitian Revolution in 1791?
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What was a significant outcome of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494?
What was a significant outcome of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494?
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How did religious conflicts contribute to European colonial rivalries during the early modern period?
How did religious conflicts contribute to European colonial rivalries during the early modern period?
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Which strategy was NOT employed to undermine Spanish power during the Golden Age?
Which strategy was NOT employed to undermine Spanish power during the Golden Age?
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What role did the Spanish Flotilla play during the Golden Age?
What role did the Spanish Flotilla play during the Golden Age?
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Which characteristic best describes buccaneers during the Golden Age of Piracy?
Which characteristic best describes buccaneers during the Golden Age of Piracy?
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Which of the following pirates was known for having a fearsome reputation and significant influence during the Golden Age?
Which of the following pirates was known for having a fearsome reputation and significant influence during the Golden Age?
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What was a common feature of pirate practices during the Golden Age?
What was a common feature of pirate practices during the Golden Age?
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Which describes the concept of the 'Spanish Main'?
Which describes the concept of the 'Spanish Main'?
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Study Notes
Atlantic History Overview
- Focuses on interactions between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the early modern period.
- Aims to explore transatlantic exchanges in culture, economics, politics, and society, highlighting interconnectedness.
Map of the Caribbean
- Understand key geographic features like major islands (e.g., Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica).
- Study colonial territories and maritime routes tied to trade and piracy.
Origins of European Rivalries
- Competition existed for wealth, trade routes, and territories in the New World.
- The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided the Atlantic between Spain and Portugal, leading to conflicts with other European powers.
Reformation and Rivalries
- Martin Luther's 95 Theses (1517) challenged Catholic dominance, sparking Protestant rivals (e.g., England, Dutch Republic).
- Religious conflicts fueled national rivalries and justifications for colonial competition.
Three Major Strategies to Undermine Spanish Power
- Privateering: Government-sanctioned piracy, targeting Spanish ships.
- Propaganda: The Black Legend exaggerated Spanish cruelty to justify intervention.
- Direct Military Engagement: Wars like the Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604).
Spanish Flotilla/Fleet
- Organized fleet system protected treasure ships from the Americas.
Golden Age of Piracy
Famous Pirates
- Blackbeard (Edward Teach): Known for fearsome reputation and blockade of Charleston.
- Mary Read: One of the few documented female pirates.
- Black Bart Roberts: Successful pirate captain who captured over 400 ships.
Pirate Types
- Buccaneers: Semi-legitimate raiders targeting Spanish ships and settlements.
- Pirates: Independent, often illegal marauders.
- Privateers: Legally authorized pirates.
Pirate Practices
- Established Codes of Conduct aboard pirate ships (e.g., dividing plunder equally).
- Common tactics included surprise attacks, targeting unarmed merchant ships, and brutality.
Key Terms
- Letter of Marque: Authorization for privateers.
- Spanish Main: Coastal area of Spanish territories targeted by pirates.
Timeline
- Active years peaked between 1650 and 1730.
- Period ended with increased naval presence and treaties by the 1730s.
Queen Anne's War (1702–1713)
- Part of the War of Spanish Succession.
- Allied powers (England, Austria) vs. France and Spain.
Transculturation, Race, and Identity
Key Concepts
- Ethnicity, race, and culture are social constructs that shape identity.
- Prejudice and discrimination: beliefs and actions that disadvantage groups.
- Transculturation: The blending of different cultures through interaction.
Golden Age of Revolutions
Slavery and Abolition
- British Empire: Gradual abolition (Slavery Abolition Act, 1833).
- Spanish/Portuguese/French Empires: Gradual abolition over time in different colonies.
Independence Movements
- British Colonies: American Revolution (1776–1783).
- Spanish Colonies: Independence movements led by figures such as Bolívar and San Martín.
- Haitian Revolution: Key events and leaders.
Atlantic World Characteristics (1700s)
- Enlightenment: Focus on liberty, equality, and reason.
- Free Womb Laws and major figures.
Constitutional Comparisons
- Declaration of Independence (1776) vs. Constitution of Cadiz (1812).
Wars and Conflicts
- Seven Years War/French and Indian War (1756–1763).
Key Figures and Terms (further study)
- Equiano, gens de couleur, Grand Blancs, Petit Blancs, Night of Fire
Reading Overview
- Dunn, Greene, Rodriguez, Knight, Morgan: Varying perspectives on colonial systems, slavery, and cultural interactions
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the rich tapestry of Atlantic history, focusing on the interactions between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the early modern period. This quiz covers transatlantic exchanges in culture, economics, and politics, as well as pivotal events such as the Treaty of Tordesillas and the Reformation's impact on European rivalries.
