Athletics Techniques Quiz

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Questions and Answers

In a bunch start, where is the kneeling knee positioned in relation to the front foot?

Aligned with the heel of the front foot

Slightly ahead of the front foot (correct)

On the same line as the front foot

Behind the front foot

What is a requirement for the baton exchange during a relay race?

Must occur within a 30-meter passing zone

Can be completed anywhere on the track

Always requires a visual pass

Must be done within a 20-meter passing zone (correct)

During a relay race, what happens if a runner drops the baton?

Another runner must retrieve it

The baton must be passed to the next runner immediately

The race is automatically disqualified

The runner must pick it up himself (correct)

What is the main difference between a visual and a non-visual pass in baton exchange?

The receiver looks at the passer in a visual pass Signup and view all the answers

In a good elongated start, the kneeling knee should be positioned where?

Behind or aligned with the heel of the front foot Signup and view all the answers

Which style in the shot put involves a pivot turn and crosses the legs?

Revolving style Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of the shot put used by women?

4.00 kg Signup and view all the answers

In the discus throw, how must the discus be released?

Clockwise with the index finger as the last to touch Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the recommended styles for the discus throw?

Parry O'Brien style Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter range of the discus used by men?

110-130 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct way a jumper should initiate a jump?

By transforming horizontal velocity into upward/forward motion. Signup and view all the answers

Which style requires the jumper to reverse their body into a 180-degree turn during bar clearance?

Western Roll Style Signup and view all the answers

In long jump, what is the primary goal for the jumper?

To achieve maximum distance from the take-off board. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following adopts the outer foot as the take-off leg?

Fosbury Style Signup and view all the answers

Which technique focuses on taking steps while airborne to increase distance?

Hitch kick Signup and view all the answers

What are the three components of the triple jump?

Hop, Step, Jump Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action used in the shot put technique?

Push from the shoulder Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a javelin thrower steps beyond the circle during a throw?

The throw is considered a foul Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a requirement for throwing events?

Stepping out of the circle for discus Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended technique for beginners in javelin throwing?

Bending the upper body backwards Signup and view all the answers

What term is currently widely used to refer to the field of physical education?

Physical Education and Sports Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the Philippine Constitution emphasizes the promotion of physical education?

Article XIV, Section 19 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Proclamation Order No. 406?

To declare a period for physical fitness and sports Signup and view all the answers

What does Executive Order No. 64 focus on?

Sports for All policy Signup and view all the answers

Which legal document asserts that physical fitness remains part of the basic education program?

Republic Act 9155 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Olympic Flame in the modern Olympic Games?

It is lit in Olympia and carried to the host city. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents the Olympic motto?

Citius, Altius, Fortius means Faster, Higher, Stronger. Signup and view all the answers

What do the five interconnected rings in the Olympic symbol represent?

The unity of the five continents. Signup and view all the answers

What was the major change regarding the Olympic mascot introduced in 1968?

An animal or human figure was introduced to represent cultural heritage. Signup and view all the answers

What concept does the Official Olympic Creed emphasize?

The value of personal participation over competition. Signup and view all the answers

What should happen during a baton exchange in a relay race?

The next runner must start running before receiving the baton. Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence if a runner drops the baton during a relay race?

The team can continue but loses valuable time. Signup and view all the answers

In a good elongated start, where should the runner's kneeling knee be positioned?

It should be in line with the back foot. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following styles in the shot put requires a pivot turn?

Spin style Signup and view all the answers

What is the diameter of the discus used by men in competitions?

22 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the best time to determine resting heart rate?

Right after waking up Signup and view all the answers

How is Personal Maximal Heart Rate (PMHR) calculated?

By subtracting age from Theoretical Maximal Heart Rate Signup and view all the answers

What percentage range does the Training Heart Rate (THR) fall within relative to PMHR?

60 – 80 percent Signup and view all the answers

When should Recovery Heart Rate (RHR) be taken after training?

90 seconds after finishing Signup and view all the answers

Which definition best describes 'sports'?

Playing games involving physical exertion and skills Signup and view all the answers

What is dehydration?

Excessive fluid loss from the body Signup and view all the answers

What does frequency refer to in the context of physical activity?

The number of days per week physical activity is performed Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dynamic stretching?

To prepare muscles with movement-based stretches Signup and view all the answers

What does heart rate reserve (HRR) measure?

The difference between maximum heart rate and resting heart rate Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes overtraining?

A condition resulting from inadequate rest between workouts Signup and view all the answers

What does overload imply in fitness training?

Challenging the body beyond its usual capabilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of performance-related fitness?

Enabling high proficiency in physical skills Signup and view all the answers

What does static stretching involve?

Holding muscle positions for a specific duration Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of athletic training in ancient civilizations like Greece and Rome?

Military training Signup and view all the answers

Which event was featured in the first recorded Olympic Games?

205-meter footrace Signup and view all the answers

What innovation has significantly contributed to reducing lap times in athletics?

Synthetic tracks Signup and view all the answers

Which high jump technique is associated with Dick Fosbury?

Fosbury Flop Signup and view all the answers

What factor has contributed to increased performance levels in athletics?

Improved training methods Signup and view all the answers

Who is recognized as one of the fastest women in Asia for nearly a decade?

Lydia de Vega Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following athletes is known for excellence in the pole vault?

Sergey Bubka Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is a modern aspect of athletics that allows athletes to earn money?

Product endorsements Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Starting Positions

Bunch Start: The runner's kneeling knee is placed slightly ahead of their front foot.
Elongated Start: The runner's kneeling knee is placed behind or aligned with the heel of their front foot.

Relay Races

Relay Races: Four runners pass a baton between each other.
Passing the Baton: Can be visual or non-visual.
Baton Exchange: Must happen within a 20-meter passing zone, with the center marked.

Shot Put

Thrower uses an iron/brass shot, starting in a standing position.
Glide is performed to generate power.
Three Recommended Glide Styles:
- Hop: The thrower faces the end of the circle's diameter, hopping with their rear foot.
- Parry O'Brien style: Thrower faces the opposite direction for a wider shoulder arc.
- Revolving style: Thrower performs a pivot turn at the top of the circle.

Discus Throw

Thrower uses a saucer-like discus, with a flat palm and fingers grasping the edge.
Preliminary swing may precede release.
Discus must spin clockwise, with the index finger releasing last.
Two Recommended Styles:
- 90 degrees style
- Revolving style

Weights Specifications for Throwing Events

Shot Put:
- Men's weight: 7.60 kg
- Women's weight: 4.00 kg
- Diameter: 110-130 mm for men, 95-110 mm for women
Discus Throw:
- Men's weight: 2.00 kg
- Women's weight: 1.00 kg
Javelin Throw:
- Men's weight: 800 g
- Women's weight: 600 g
- Men's length: 2.60-2.70 m
- Women's length: 2.20-2.30 m

Basic Skills in Field Events

Common Characteristics of Jumping Events:
- Only one foot is used in the jump.
- Somersaulting is not permitted.
- Approach run builds speed from the take-off mark.
- Jump initiates at a mark/take-off board, converting horizontal velocity upward/forward.
- Landing occurs after the jump/bar clearance in a designated pit.

High Jump

Four Recommended Styles:
- Scissor Cut Style: Approach run from center/sides, lead leg at the bar center, body leans backward during clearance, landing with the lead leg.
- Western Roll Style: Approach run from left/right side, inside foot for take-off, jumper reverses body by 180 degrees during clearance.
- Belly Roll Style: Similar to Western Roll, but body reverses by 180 degrees during clearance.
- Fosbury Style: Approach from center towards one upright post, take-off with outer foot, landing on shoulder.

Long Jump

Jumper aims for maximum distance by building speed and converting horizontal velocity upward/forward.
Foot must contact the take-off board.
Two Recommended Styles:
- Hang on the air: Maintaining a suspended position to delay landing.
- Hitch kick: Taking steps airborne to cover more distance.

Triple Jump

Combination of three jumps:
- Hop: One-foot jump landing on the same foot.
- Step: One-foot jump landing on the other foot.
- Jump: One-foot jump landing on both feet.

Pole Vault

Athletes use a pole to achieve height and clear a crossbar.

Throwing Events

Common Requirements:
- Approach run (javelin), glide (shot put), turn (discus)
- Standing throwing position after approach.
Skills:
- Javelin: Pull from the back
- Shot put: Push from the shoulder
- Discus: Swing from the side
Other Requirements:
- Follow-through after release
- Only one arm for throwing
- Stepping beyond the circle/scratch line is a foul in javelin.
- Exiting towards the rear half of the circle/scratch line after the throw.

Javelin Throw

Fundamentals:
- Standing throwing position
- Javelin held in shoulder/underhand carry
- Place one foot in front of the other
- Bend upper body backwards, non-throwing arm bent at chest level
- Release the javelin forward
Throwing Styles:
- Hop-change step: Hop followed by foot position exchange.
- Rear cross: Stepping forward, crossing rear leg behind the front leg

Nature of Physical Education

Alternative names:
- Movement Education
- Sports Education
- Motor Education
- Physical Fitness
- Human Kinetics
Currently, "Physical Education and Sports" is widely used.

Legal Basis for Teaching Physical Education and Sports

Philippine Constitution (1987):
- Article II, Section 17: State prioritizes education, sports, etc. to promote nationalism.
- Article XIV, Section 19: State promotes physical education, encourages sports programs, and includes training for international competition to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and a healthy citizenry.
Philippine Government Orders:
- Proclamation Order No. 406: 1990 to 2001 declared "Decade of Physical Fitness and Sports."
- Executive Order No. 63: Created National Physical Fitness and Sports Development Council.
- Executive Order No. 64 : National Policy and Program of "Sports for All."
International Declarations:
- Article I, U.N.E.S.C.O.: Practice of physical education and sports is a fundamental right.
Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (D.E.C.S.):
- D.E.C.S. Order No. 84: Physical education and school sports are a priority.
Philippine Law:
- Republic Act 9155 - Basic Education Act of 2002: Physical fitness and school sports are part of basic education.
United Nations:
- United Nation Declaration: Declared 2005 as the International Year of Sports and Physical Education.

The Olympic Games

I. History of the Olympic Games

Ancient Origins: Legends say the games originated with Heracles, who built the Olympic Stadium in honor of Zeus.
Prehistoric Roots: Athletics has prehistoric roots, with running, jumping, and throwing integral to daily life and celebrations.
The Homeric Age: The Olympics emerged during the Homeric age, beginning in 776 B.C., held every four years.

II. Modern Olympic Games

Olympic Flame: Lit in Olympia, carried by runners in a relay to the host city for the opening ceremonies.
Olympic Mascot: An animal or human figure representing the host country's heritage, used since 1968.
Five Olympic Rings: Interconnected rings symbolize the unity of the five continents, adopted in 1913, debuted in 1920.
Olympic Motto: "Citius, Altius, Fortius" (Faster, Higher, Stronger)
Official Olympic Creed: The most important element of the Olympics is not winning but participating.

III. Athletics

Definition: Athletics is a sport encompassing running, jumping, and throwing events.
Brief Ancient History: Athletics has prehistoric roots, evolving from practical activities into formalized games and festivals in ancient Greece. They eventually evolved into the Olympic games.

Exercise and Fitness Terminology

Dehydration: Loss of excessive fluid from the body.
Duration: Length of exercise.
Dynamic Stretching: Stretching with bouncing and bobbing movements.
Exercise Heart Rate: Heart rate needed for aerobic activity improvement.
Frequency: Number of times per week one participates in physical activity.
Gynoid Obesity: Feminine pattern of fat deposition in the hips, buttocks, and thighs.
Health Promotion: Encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviors.
Health-Related Fitness: Focuses on cardio respiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and lean body composition.
Heart Rate Reserve (HRR): Difference between maximal heart rate and resting heart rate.
Hypertension: High blood pressure.
Hypothermia: Excessive heat loss from the body.
Intensity: Amount of energy expended during exercise.
Aschemia: Diminished blood flow to the heart.
Lipids: "Fat."
Maximal Heart Rate (MHR): Highest heart rate for a person, related to aerobic capacity.
Myocardial Infarction: Heart attack.
Obesity: Chronic disease with excess body fat.
Overload: Subjecting body systems to greater physical demand for muscle development.
Overtraining: Physiological and psychological staleness caused by exclusive exercise.
Overweight: Excessive body weight for height.

Performance-related fitness: enables proficiency in physical skills.
Physical Activity: Physical movement with energy expenditure and health benefits.

Training Principles

Progression: Increasing physical demands on the body.
Specificity of Training: Training specific muscles for desired improvement.
Static Stretching: Holding muscle positions for 15-30 seconds.
Target Heart Rate: Heart rate during aerobic exercise for improvement.
Ventilation: Air moved in and out of the lungs per minute.

Athletics

History: Athletics is as old as history, with running, jumping, and throwing used in hunting and war.
Early Use: Running was part of military training for the ancient Greeks, Persians, and Romans.
Contests: Contests for speed, strength, and agility emerged, including the first recorded Olympic Games (approx. 776 B.C.) which featured a 205-meter footrace.
Additional Events: Over time, other events were added (long jump, javelin throw, hammer throw, triple jump).
Informal Events: These events evolved from informal sports days in Ireland, England, and Scotland.
Popular 18th and 19th Centuries: Sprinting and distance running were popular, evolving into organized competitions with professional participants and betting.

Athletics Development Factors

Increased Competition, especially in Europe
Improved Training Methods: Strength training with weights, synthetic tracks, fiberglass vaulting poles.
The Fosbury Flop: Increased jump height significantly.
Athlete Earnings: Opportunities to earn money through product endorsements and invitational events.

Current Athletics Champions

Men: Carl Lewis (USA, sprinting), Edwin Moses (USA, hurdles), Said Aouita (Morocco, distance), Sebastian Coe (Great Britain, distance), Sergey Bubka (Soviet Union, pole vault), and Daley Thompson (Great Britain, decathlon).
Women: Marita Koch (East Germany, sprinting), Heike Drechsler (East Germany, sprinting & long jump), Florence Griffith Joyner (USA, sprinting), and Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA, long jump & heptathlon).
Asia: Lydia de Vega (Philippines) was Asia's fastest woman for nearly a decade.

Different Kinds of Heart Rate

Resting Heart Rate: Heart rate at rest, ideally measured right after waking up.
Theoretical Maximal Heart Rate (THMR): Highest heart rate attainable.
Personal Maximal Heart Rate (PMHR): Computed from THMR based on age.
Training Heart Rate (THR): 60-80% of PMHR.
Recovery Heart Rate (RHR): Heart rate 90 seconds after training, to assess the need for overload.

Definitions

Play: To take part in a game or games.
Game: Contest played according to rules.
Sports: Games or competitive activities involving physical exertion and skills.

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Test your knowledge on starting positions, relay races, shot put techniques, and discus throw fundamentals in athletics. This quiz covers various styles and key elements necessary for a successful athletic performance. Perfect for athletes and coaches looking to enhance their understanding of these events.