14 Questions
What is the primary cause of atherosclerosis?
Endothelial damage
Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for ASCVD?
Obesity
What is the goal of estimating the risk of ASCVD using a risk calculator?
To guide timely primary prevention strategies
What is the primary component of management of ASCVD?
Lifestyle modifications
What is the term for the formation of atheromas in vessel walls?
Atherogenesis
What is the purpose of using high-intensity statin therapy in ASCVD management?
To minimize the risk of future cardiovascular events
What is the primary difference between arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?
Pathogenesis of the disease
Which type of arteriosclerosis is characterized by dystrophic calcification of the tunica media and internal elastic lamina?
Monckeberg arteriosclerosis
What is the primary cause of chronic stress on the endothelium in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
Hypertension and turbulence
What is the result of PDGF stimulation of smooth muscle cells in the tunica intima?
Migration and proliferation of smooth muscle cells
What is the primary function of macrophages in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis?
Ingestion of cholesterol from oxidized LDL
What is the term for the deposition of proteins below the endothelium due to plasma protein leakage?
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
What is the characteristic appearance of arterioles in hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis?
Onion-skin appearance
What is the term for the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis that include coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral artery disease?
ASCVD
Study Notes
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD)
- A group of conditions caused by atherosclerosis that can affect different locations throughout the body
- Examples include coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and ischemic stroke
Risk Factors
- Advanced age
- Smoking
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidaemia
Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis
- Precipitated by endothelial damage, leading to inflammation and formation of atheromas in vessel walls
- Chronic stress on the endothelium due to arterial hypertension and turbulence
- Endothelial cell dysfunction leads to invasion of inflammatory cells, adhesion of platelets, and release of inflammatory mediators
- Inflammation of the vessel wall
- Macrophages and smooth muscle cells ingest cholesterol from oxidized LDL, transforming into foam cells
Definition of ASCVD
- An umbrella term for clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis, including:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD)
- Cerebrovascular disease (stroke, TIA, carotid artery stenosis)
- Peripheral artery disease
- History of arterial revascularization
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm, thoracic aortic aneurysm
- Intestinal ischemia
Atherosclerosis and Arteriosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis is a type of arteriosclerosis, characterized by build-up of cholesterol plaques in the tunica intima
- Arteriosclerosis is an umbrella term for arterial wall thickening and elasticity loss with variable pathogenesis
- Other types of arteriosclerosis include Monckeberg arteriosclerosis and arteriolosclerosis (hyaline and hyperplastic)
Test your knowledge of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including its causes, risk factors, and effects on the body.
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