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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
What is the primary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
- Supplies fuel to the engines and APU (correct)
- Keeps fuel in the outer wing for wing bending and flutter relief
- Controls and monitors the correct quantity of fuel
- Cools oil inside the engine
What is the secondary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
What is the secondary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
- Controls the transfer of fuel to maintain within C.G limits
- Cools oil inside the engine
- Keeps fuel in the outer wing for wing bending and flutter relief (correct)
- Controls and monitors the correct quantity of fuel
What does volatility refer to in relation to fuel?
What does volatility refer to in relation to fuel?
- A measure of fuel's ability to resist vaporization
- A measure of fuel's octane rating
- A measure of fuel's viscosity
- A measure of a liquid's tendency to vaporize under given conditions (correct)
What does vapor lock refer to in the context of fuel?
What does vapor lock refer to in the context of fuel?
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What happens when there is a slipping turn?
What happens when there is a slipping turn?
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In aviation, what does C.G. stand for?
In aviation, what does C.G. stand for?
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Study Notes
Fuel Types
- Gasoline is composed of iso-octane and heptane
- Kerosene is composed of hydrocarbons with a higher sulfur content
- Avgas is gasoline-based, better at cold weather, and more volatile
- Jet Fuel is kerosene-based, with a higher energy content per weight, and is not flammable or explosive at normal temperatures
Avgas and Jet Fuel Types
- Avgas 80: a mixture of 80% iso-octane and 20% heptane
- Avgas 100: has anti-knock properties as pure iso-octane
- Avgas 100LL: same as Avgas 100 but with less lead
- Jet A: has a freeze point of -40°F (-40°C)
- Jet A-1: has a freeze point of -52.6°F (-47°C)
- Jet B: a mixture of gasoline and kerosene, with a freeze point of -58°F (-50°C)
Fuel Tank Locations
- Rigid removable tanks: typically made of metal, plastic, or fiberglass, and must be held down with straps on the aircraft structure
- Integral fuel tanks: areas inside the aircraft structure sealed for fuel storage, with inspection panels for internal inspection and servicing
- Bladder fuel tanks: reinforced rubberized bags installed in a section of aircraft structure, designed to accommodate fuel
Fuel System Components
- Fuel pump: delivers a properly pressured, continuous supply of fuel, and can be driven manually, electrically, or engine-driven
- Fuel gauge: indicates the amount of fuel measured by a sensing unit in each fuel tank, and is displayed in gallons or pounds
- Valves: installed in the fuel system to provide a means for shutting off fuel flow, for tank and engine selection, for crossfeed, and for fuel transfer
- Fuel primer: used to draw fuel from the tanks to vaporize fuel directly into the cylinders prior to starting the engine
Hydraulics
- Pascal's Law: F1 = F2, P1A1=P2A2
- Hydraulic system advantages: ease of transmitting force over large distances, and mechanical advantage achieved through a larger output piston
- Hydraulic fluid: must flow through lines with minimal opposition, be incompressible, and have good lubricating properties
Flight Controls
- Secondary control surfaces: turns, slipping turns, and skidding turns
- Trimmable horizontal stabilizer: helps with rate of turn and bank angle
Fuel System Purpose
- Primary purpose: supplies fuel to engines and APU, controls and monitors fuel quantity, and controls fuel transfer to maintain C.G limits
- Secondary purpose: keeps fuel in the outer wing for wing bending and flutter relief, and cools oil inside the engine
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