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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
What is the primary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
What is the secondary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
What is the secondary purpose of the aircraft fuel system?
What does volatility refer to in relation to fuel?
What does volatility refer to in relation to fuel?
What does vapor lock refer to in the context of fuel?
What does vapor lock refer to in the context of fuel?
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What happens when there is a slipping turn?
What happens when there is a slipping turn?
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In aviation, what does C.G. stand for?
In aviation, what does C.G. stand for?
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Study Notes
Fuel Types
- Gasoline is composed of iso-octane and heptane
- Kerosene is composed of hydrocarbons with a higher sulfur content
- Avgas is gasoline-based, better at cold weather, and more volatile
- Jet Fuel is kerosene-based, with a higher energy content per weight, and is not flammable or explosive at normal temperatures
Avgas and Jet Fuel Types
- Avgas 80: a mixture of 80% iso-octane and 20% heptane
- Avgas 100: has anti-knock properties as pure iso-octane
- Avgas 100LL: same as Avgas 100 but with less lead
- Jet A: has a freeze point of -40°F (-40°C)
- Jet A-1: has a freeze point of -52.6°F (-47°C)
- Jet B: a mixture of gasoline and kerosene, with a freeze point of -58°F (-50°C)
Fuel Tank Locations
- Rigid removable tanks: typically made of metal, plastic, or fiberglass, and must be held down with straps on the aircraft structure
- Integral fuel tanks: areas inside the aircraft structure sealed for fuel storage, with inspection panels for internal inspection and servicing
- Bladder fuel tanks: reinforced rubberized bags installed in a section of aircraft structure, designed to accommodate fuel
Fuel System Components
- Fuel pump: delivers a properly pressured, continuous supply of fuel, and can be driven manually, electrically, or engine-driven
- Fuel gauge: indicates the amount of fuel measured by a sensing unit in each fuel tank, and is displayed in gallons or pounds
- Valves: installed in the fuel system to provide a means for shutting off fuel flow, for tank and engine selection, for crossfeed, and for fuel transfer
- Fuel primer: used to draw fuel from the tanks to vaporize fuel directly into the cylinders prior to starting the engine
Hydraulics
- Pascal's Law: F1 = F2, P1A1=P2A2
- Hydraulic system advantages: ease of transmitting force over large distances, and mechanical advantage achieved through a larger output piston
- Hydraulic fluid: must flow through lines with minimal opposition, be incompressible, and have good lubricating properties
Flight Controls
- Secondary control surfaces: turns, slipping turns, and skidding turns
- Trimmable horizontal stabilizer: helps with rate of turn and bank angle
Fuel System Purpose
- Primary purpose: supplies fuel to engines and APU, controls and monitors fuel quantity, and controls fuel transfer to maintain C.G limits
- Secondary purpose: keeps fuel in the outer wing for wing bending and flutter relief, and cools oil inside the engine
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Description
Test your knowledge on the components of an aircraft fuel system according to ATA 28 standards. Topics include fuel tank locations, bladder tanks, and basic components like fuel pumps.
