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Questions and Answers
What type of rock forms when a rock is transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions?
What type of rock forms when a rock is transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions?
During which process of the water cycle does water vapor rise into the sky, cool, and form clouds?
During which process of the water cycle does water vapor rise into the sky, cool, and form clouds?
What is the percentage of fresh water on Earth that is in the form of ice?
What is the percentage of fresh water on Earth that is in the form of ice?
Which rock type is characterized by examples like sandstone, limestone, coal, and shale?
Which rock type is characterized by examples like sandstone, limestone, coal, and shale?
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What is the temperature at which water boils in Fahrenheit?
What is the temperature at which water boils in Fahrenheit?
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What is the main theory that describes the movement of pieces of the Earth's outermost layer?
What is the main theory that describes the movement of pieces of the Earth's outermost layer?
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Which layer of the Earth is a thick layer of hot, solid rock located under the crust?
Which layer of the Earth is a thick layer of hot, solid rock located under the crust?
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At which type of plate boundaries do plates move toward each other and collide, creating mountains?
At which type of plate boundaries do plates move toward each other and collide, creating mountains?
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What type of rock forms when magma from inside the Earth cools and solidifies?
What type of rock forms when magma from inside the Earth cools and solidifies?
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What is the process that occurs at divergent plate boundaries resulting in the formation of new rock?
What is the process that occurs at divergent plate boundaries resulting in the formation of new rock?
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Study Notes
Structure of the Earth
- The Earth is divided into three main layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.
- The crust is the rocky outer layer, very thin compared to the other two layers.
- The mantle is a thick layer of hot, solid rock located under the crust.
- The core is a large sphere of metal that forms the center of the Earth.
Plate Tectonics
- Plate tectonics is the theory that pieces of the crust's outermost layer, called plates, move slowly (about 1.4 inches per year).
- There are two types of plates: oceanic plates and continental plates, which "float" on top of denser material.
- As the plates move, the continents slowly drift.
- Plate boundaries can result in:
- Divergent plate boundaries: where oceanic plates move apart, resulting in seafloor spreading.
- Convergent plate boundaries: where plates move toward each other and collide, creating mountains.
- Transform fault boundaries: where plates move sideways past each other.
The 3 Basic Types of Rocks
- Igneous rock: forms when magma from inside the earth cools and solidifies.
- Sedimentary rock: forms over time as sediment is layered, squeezed, and solidified. Examples include sandstone, limestone, coal, and shale.
- Metamorphic rock: forms when a rock is transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. Examples include slate, marble, and quartzite.
The Water Cycle
- Water makes up 71% of Earth's surface.
- Most of the earth's liquid fresh water is in the form of groundwater.
- The water cycle consists of several processes:
- Evaporation: energy from the sun causes water on the Earth's surface to convert from a liquid to a gas.
- Condensation: water vapor cools, turning back into a liquid, forming clouds.
- Precipitation: water particles fall from clouds and reach the ground, including rain, snow, and hail.
Water Facts
- Water freezes at 32° Fahrenheit and boils at 212° Fahrenheit.
- Water covers about 71% of the earth's surface in the oceans, lakes, rivers, and glaciers.
- Salt water accounts for 97% of the water on Earth, while only 3% is fresh, and two-thirds of this freshwater is ice.
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Description
Explore earth and space science topics such as the structure of the earth, types of rocks, the water cycle, the atmosphere, and the planets in Part 1 of ASVAB Free Online Study Guide. Test your knowledge with a review quiz at the end.
