Astronomy Quiz: Earth and Celestial Movements
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of Earth's seasons?

  • The Earth's rotation speed
  • The distance between the Earth and the Sun
  • The Moon's gravitational pull
  • The axial tilt of the Earth (correct)

    • What is the phase of the Moon during a total solar eclipse?

  • Full moon
  • Waning gibbous
  • Waxing crescent
  • New moon (correct)

    • What defines retrograde motion in planetary movement?

  • Planets appearing to move backward across the sky (correct)
  • Planets moving forward in their orbit
  • Initiation of an elliptical orbit
  • A planet's angular momentum increasing

    • Who formulated the three laws of motion?

    <p>Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a vector from a scalar?

    <p>Vectors have direction while scalars do not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is caused by the gravitational interaction between the Earth, Moon, and Sun during certain alignments?

    <p>Eclipse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical figure is known for proposing the heliocentric theory of the universe?

    <p>Copernicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon known as stellar parallax is caused by?

    <p>The Earth's orbit around the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does one astronomical unit (AU) represent?

    <p>The average distance from the Earth to the Sun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a light year?

    <p>The distance light travels in one year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many seconds are there in one year?

    <p>31,536 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical scale of the solar system measured in astronomical units (AU)?

    <p>1 AU to 100 AU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the celestial equator?

    <p>It divides the sky into northern and southern hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the measurement equivalent of one degree in terms of arcminutes?

    <p>60 arcminutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'right ascension' is used to describe what aspect of the celestial sphere?

    <p>The east-west coordinate for celestial objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many degrees are there in a full circle?

    <p>360 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the acceleration of two masses M1 and M2 when the same force is applied, given that M2 is four times more massive than M1?

    <p>M2 accelerates at one-fourth the rate of M1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which conserved quantities exist in a physical system not subject to external forces?

    <p>Mass, energy, momentum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the highest point in its trajectory, what is true about the energies of a projectile thrown upwards?

    <p>Potential energy is maximized and kinetic energy is zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the fundamental units of a Joule in terms of kg, m, and s?

    <p>kg·m²/s²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does temperature differ from heat?

    <p>Temperature measures the average kinetic energy of particles; heat is energy transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for gravitational force between two masses M1 and M2 separated by a distance d?

    <p>F = G (M1 * M2) / d²</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to gravitational force when M1 is increased by a factor of 3 and M2 is decreased by a factor of 3, while distance d remains unchanged?

    <p>Gravitational force increases by a factor of 9.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Newton's version of Kepler's 3rd law, what approximation is made when one mass is much greater than the other?

    <p>The smaller mass can be neglected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency for light?

    <p>Wavelength and frequency are inversely proportional.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes photon energy in relation to frequency?

    <p>Photon energy increases with increasing frequency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between reflection and emission of light?

    <p>Emission involves the release of light from a material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Wien's law, what happens to the peak wavelength of radiation as temperature increases?

    <p>The peak wavelength decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Doppler shift indicate about an object emitting light?

    <p>The observed light wavelength changes due to motion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the collecting area of a telescope scale with the diameter of its primary mirror?

    <p>The collecting area scales with the diameter squared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a light emission line from ionized oxygen appears at a longer observed wavelength than its rest wavelength, what can be concluded?

    <p>The gas cloud is moving away from the observer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are energy levels in the context of the hydrogen atom?

    <p>Distinct energy states for electrons in an atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the mass of the Sun and the other planets in the Solar System?

    <p>The Sun contains more than 99% of the total mass of the Solar System.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some key disadvantages of ground-based telescopes compared to those in space?

    <p>Atmospheric distortion can hinder observations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two planets' orbits contain the asteroid belt?

    <p>Mars and Jupiter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average radius of Jupiter's orbit known to be?

    <p>Approximately 5.2 AU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the tilt of a planet's axis affect its seasons?

    <p>Greater tilt leads to more extreme seasonal changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the current theory for the formation of the Earth's Moon?

    <p>The Moon formed from debris after a massive collision with Earth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'frost line' refer to in the context of the solar system?

    <p>The boundary where icy bodies can form into planets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Potassium-40 relevant for in estimating the age of the Solar System?

    <p>It decays into Argon-40 over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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