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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of InsP3R type II in astrocytes regarding Ca2+ signaling?
What is the significance of InsP3R type II in astrocytes regarding Ca2+ signaling?
- It enhances astrocytic reactivity to all types of neuropathology.
- Its deletion leads to an increased astroglial reactive response.
- It is responsible for the rapid generation of Ca2+ signals in astrocytes.
- Its deletion greatly reduces the reactive response of astrocytes to lesions. (correct)
In which condition do astrocytes exhibit an increase in Ca2+ signaling?
In which condition do astrocytes exhibit an increase in Ca2+ signaling?
- In response to a decrease in extracellular Ca2+ levels.
- Under normal physiological conditions without any hyperexcitability.
- During drug-induced seizure models reflecting brain injury. (correct)
- When they undergo apoptosis due to chemical stress.
Where are aberrant Ca2+ signals predominantly observed in relation to reactive astrocytes?
Where are aberrant Ca2+ signals predominantly observed in relation to reactive astrocytes?
- In the peripheral nervous system only.
- In regions with low neuronal activity.
- Near sites with severe tissue damage and hypertrophic astrocytes. (correct)
- In areas surrounding healthy tissues.
What role does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling?
What role does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) play in astrocytic Ca2+ signaling?
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What observable behavior do reactive astrocytes exhibit in a familial Alzheimer’s disease mouse model?
What observable behavior do reactive astrocytes exhibit in a familial Alzheimer’s disease mouse model?
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Study Notes
Astroglial Reactivity in CNS Defense
- Astroglial reactivity is essential for the central nervous system's (CNS) defense against various neuropathologies.
- Understanding the molecular cascades initiating astrogliosis remains incomplete but is critical for developing therapeutic strategies.
Role of Ca2+ Signaling
- Cytosolic Ca2+ signaling plays a crucial role in astroglial reactivity.
- Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is particularly significant in astrocyte response.
InsP3R Type II Channel
- Deletion of InsP3R type II, an ER Ca2+ release channel, significantly diminishes astroglial response to lesions and injuries.
- This indicates the channel's vital role in mediating Ca2+ signals essential for reactive astrocyte behavior.
Astrocytic Response to Injury
- Astrocytes display rapid Ca2+ signal generation in response to CNS injury and hyperexcitability.
- For instance, in drug-induced seizure models, astrocytes quickly increase intracellular Ca2+ levels.
Aberrant Ca2+ Signals in Pathology
- Aberrant Ca2+ signaling is concentrated in regions of severe tissue damage.
- Hypertrophic astrocytes are commonly found in these affected areas, suggesting their involvement in the pathology.
Familial Alzheimer's Disease Model
- In an adult mouse model of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD), reactive astrocytes exhibit frequent Ca2+ signaling near amyloid plaques.
- Ca2+ waves emanating from plaques indicate a potential link between astrocytic activity and amyloid pathology in AD.
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