Asthma vs COPD Overview
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Asthma vs COPD Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary pathophysiological feature of asthma?

  • Chronic airway remodeling
  • Episodic airway obstruction (correct)
  • Acute respiratory infections
  • Persistent cough with sputum production

    • Which of the following classes of steroids does NOT include glucocorticoids?

  • Mineralocorticoids (correct)
  • Progestins (correct)
  • Adrenal Cortical Hormones
  • Cortisol

    • Which statement differentiates asthma from COPD?

  • Asthma is known for more intermittent airflow limitation. (correct)
  • Asthma does not include episodic airway obstruction.
  • Asthma typically shows progressively worsening airflow.
  • Asthma features chronically inflammatory changes.

    • What is the functional role of mucolytics in pharmacological treatment?

    <p>To thin mucus and facilitate its clearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of corticosteroids is typically associated with the anti-inflammatory response in chronic conditions?

    <p>Glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of B2-selective agents used in inhaled therapies?

    <p>They are designed to enhance airway responsiveness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is associated with an increased risk of respiratory tract infections in infants?

    <p>Sex of the infant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What component of the respiratory deposition model is crucial for effective inhaled therapies?

    <p>Particle size and inhalation technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is classified as a long-acting corticosteroid?

    <p>Dexamethasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacotherapy for COPD, which of the following interventions is essential?

    <p>Implementing lifestyle changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT typically considered a risk factor for recurrent respiratory tract infections?

    <p>Inhaled corticosteroid use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of controllers and relievers regarding color coding?

    <p>Controllers are red or brown and relievers are blue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is an example of a Leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA)?

    <p>Montelukast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of leukotriene pathway inhibitors in respiratory pharmacotherapy?

    <p>To reduce bronchial inflammation and constriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Considering the cough pathway, which factor is NOT a typical trigger for a cough reflex?

    <p>Severe dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is Indacaterol classified as?

    <p>Long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common property that ideal cough preparations should possess?

    <p>They should soothe the throat and not suppress natural reflexes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is NOT considered a mast cell stabilizer?

    <p>Fluticasone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect can occur due to stimulation of β2-receptors in skeletal muscles?

    <p>Tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily related to the adverse effects of β2-agonists?

    <p>Promotion of adenylate cyclase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cardiovascular effect attributed to β2-receptors?

    <p>Vasodilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception regarding the effects of muscarinic antagonists?

    <p>They inhibit acetylcholine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound inhibits both phosphodiesterase and adenosine, affecting muscle and cardiovascular response?

    <p>Theophylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which LABA has the shortest onset of action?

    <p>Formoterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following LABAs is administered twice a day?

    <p>Salmeterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the duration of action for Indacaterol?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which LABA has the longest half-life?

    <p>Indacaterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset of action for Olodaterol?

    <p>5 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the administration frequency of Olodaterol and Villanterol?

    <p>Both are taken once a day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the lipophilic component contribute to LABAs?

    <p>Extends the duration of action.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which LABA is noted for having both a 12-hour duration of action and the ability to be used as a reliever?

    <p>Salmeterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Asthma vs. COPD

    • Asthma and COPD are major global health concerns
    • Both are characterized by airway obstruction
    • Asthma is characterized by episodic airway obstruction with variable airflow limitation
    • Asthma can be associated with airway inflammation and structural changes
    • COPD is characterized by progressively worsening airflow limitation
    • COPD may present with shortness of breath and dyspnea, even with high doses of control meds

    Asthma

    • Respond well to inhaled corticosteroids and other controllers with a red or brown color code
    • Respond well to relievers with a blue color code
    • For poorly controlled asthma patients, add-on therapies may be necessary, including
      • Long-acting antimuscarinic agent (LAMA)
      • Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA)
      • Targeted (monoclonal antibody) therapy

    COPD

    • For poorly-controlled COPD patients, add-on therapies may be necessary, including
      • Long-acting antimuscarinic agent (LAMA)
      • Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA)
      • Targeted (monoclonal antibody) therapy

    β2-agonists Adverser Effects

    • β2-agonists are used to treat asthma and COPD
    • β2-agonists work by stimulating β2-receptors in the lungs
    • Some common adverse events of β2-agonists include:
      • Tremors - due to stimulation of β2-receptors in skeletal muscles
      • Vasodilation - due to β2-receptor stimulation

    Characteristics of Long Acting β2-Agonists (LABA)

    • LABAs are used to treat both Asthma and COPD
    • LABAs are lipophilic and have a long duration of action
    • Some common LABAs include:
      • Salmeterol - has a duration of action of 12 hours and is typically given twice a day
      • Formoterol - has a duration of action of 12 hours and is typically given twice a day
      • Olodaterol - has a duration of action of 24 hours and is typically given once a day
      • Villanterol - has a duration of action of 24 hours and is typically given once a day
      • Indacaterol - has a duration of action of 24 hours and is typically given once a day
      • Indacaterol has the longest half-life of all the LABAs
      • Olodaterol, Villanterol, and Indacaterol are typically given once a day due to their 24 hour duration of action

    Respiratory Deposition Model

    • The respiratory deposition model helps to understand how inhaled medications reach their target in the lungs

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    Description

    Explore the key differences between asthma and COPD, two significant respiratory conditions. This quiz covers their characteristics, treatment options, and management strategies. Test your understanding of how these diseases impact airway obstruction and patient care.

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