Asthma Overview

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What is the primary cause of wheezing in asthma?

Exposure to viral infections

Spasm of the bronchial tubes (correct)

Ingestion of certain foods

Genetic predisposition

Which of the following is a common irritant that can trigger asthma?

Perfumes (correct)

Organic vegetables

Fresh fruits

Plain water

What type of immune response is triggered in asthma due to genetic predisposition?

Delayed hypersensitivity response

IgE-mediated response to allergens (correct)

T-cell-mediated response to bacteria

Non-specific inflammatory response

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a common irritant that can exacerbate asthma symptoms?

Fresh air Signup and view all the answers

What role does inflammation and edema of the bronchial mucosa play in asthma?

Increasing mucus production Signup and view all the answers

Which event primarily contributes to the clinical manifestation of asthma?

Bronchial spasm Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication is considered a long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)?

Formoterol Signup and view all the answers

What is the major role of Long Acting β-Agonists (LABAs) according to the text?

They are primarily used in combination with Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS). Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is indicated for inhibiting exercise-induced bronchospasm?

Cromolyn Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach in therapeutic management for asthma once optimal control is achieved?

Consider decreasing the dose or number of controller medications. Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is considered the drug of choice for acute asthma symptoms?

Short Acting Beta Agonists Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is Ipratropium bromide used according to the text?

In combination with Albuterol. Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for changing sanitary pads to prevent possible bacterial growth near the urethra?

Every 4 hours Signup and view all the answers

What action is recommended for sexually active individuals to prevent UTI?

Urinate after intercourse Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended treatment for UTI?

Taking ibuprofen to reduce inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of taking sulfa drugs for UTI?

Urinary crystals Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of drinking cranberry juice during UTI?

To acidify urine Signup and view all the answers

What mechanism regulates bronchial constriction in asthma patients?

Parasympathetic nervous system stimulation Signup and view all the answers

What are the lab and diagnostic study findings in asthma patients?

Decreased inspiratory capacity (IC) and forced vital capacity (FVC) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind the production of inflammation and mucus in asthma patients?

Activation of mast cells to release leukotrienes, histamine, and prostaglandins Signup and view all the answers

How does bronchial constriction affect the expiratory rate in asthma patients?

Increases expiratory rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bronchial plugging on vital capacity in asthma patients?

Decreases vital capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the gross measure of vital capacity in asthma patients?

Child with average VC should be able to blow forcefully Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of pyelonephritis in young children?

High fever, abdominal or flank pain, vomiting, malaise Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of bacterial colony count > 100,000/ml in a clean-catch urine specimen?

It indicates a positive bacteriuria Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of wiping from front to back in preventing UTIs in females?

It decreases the risk of rectal contamination Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a urine pH >7 in the presence of RBC (hematuria)?

It indicates a more alkaline urine pH caused by bacterial irritation of the bladder mucosa Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a preventive measure for UTIs in females?

Teaching to bathe with bubble bath Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical symptoms of cystitis in young children?

Low-grade fever, mild abdominal pain, enuresis Signup and view all the answers