Asthma, COPD and Rhinitis

Which respiratory disorder is chronic, reversible, and involves hyperreactive airways leading to episodic obstruction, often underdiagnosed and overtreated?

Which respiratory disease is chronic, irreversible, involves progressive airflow obstruction (remodeling), and can be fatal?

Which chronic respiratory disease typically presents with symptoms like red, itchy, watery eyes, and a runny nose?

What are the three main factors causing airflow obstruction in asthma?

In asthma, what does the underlying inflammation lead to?

For intermittent asthma: How often do bronchoconstrictive episodes occur? What are the typical peak flow/spirometry results? What long-term control and quick relief medications are used?

For mild persistent asthma: How often do bronchoconstrictive episodes occur? What are the typical peak flow/spirometry results? What long-term control and quick relief medications are used?

For moderate persistent asthma: How often do bronchoconstrictive episodes occur? What are the typical peak flow/spirometry results? What long-term control and quick relief medications are used?

For severe persistent asthma: How often do bronchoconstrictive episodes occur? What are the typical peak flow/spirometry results? What long-term control and quick relief medications are used?

It is recommended to prescribe a Long-Acting Beta-Agonist (LABA) as monotherapy for asthma.

Describe the kinetics of Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs).

In which asthma scenarios are Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) typically used?

Name two examples of Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs).

Name two examples of Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs).

Describe the kinetics of Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs).

How are Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs) used in asthma treatment? Can they be used for acute relief?

Name four examples of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) used in asthma.

What is the drug class of choice (DOC) for long-term control of persistent asthma?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of corticosteroids in asthma treatment?

What are the common routes of administration for corticosteroids in asthma, and which is preferred?

What are potential adverse effects (ADEs) of Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)?

What are potential adverse effects (ADEs) of systemic corticosteroids?

What should a patient always do after using an Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS)?

Name three leukotriene modifier drugs.

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of leukotriene modifiers?

What is the main use of leukotriene modifiers in asthma management?

What are potential adverse effects (ADEs) associated with leukotriene modifiers?

Describe Cromolyn's mechanism of action (MOA), use in asthma, and its limitation.

Name a short-acting and a long-acting cholinergic antagonist used in respiratory disorders. Are they first-line for asthma?

In which situations might the short-acting anticholinergic ipratropium be used?

When might the long-acting anticholinergic tiotropium be used in asthma?

What are common adverse effects (ADEs) of inhaled cholinergic antagonists?

What is Theophylline, and why is its use limited?

What class of drugs may be used for severe persistent asthma that remains poorly controlled despite ICS, LABA, and other standard therapies?

Name examples of monoclonal antibody drugs used in severe asthma and describe their general mechanisms.

What are the two main pillars of COPD treatment?

Summarize the first-choice and recommended escalation pharmacotherapy for COPD patient groups A, B, C, and D.

Is an Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) considered first-line therapy in asthma or COPD?

What drug classes are considered first-line for COPD management?

Name examples of LABAs used in COPD, distinguishing between once-daily and twice-daily agents.

Name examples of LAMA drugs used in COPD.

Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) may be used initially for COPD patients with _____ risk and _____ symptoms (Group A).

What medication strategy is recommended for high-risk COPD patients with more symptoms (Group D) or for those with inadequate response to one agent alone?

In COPD management, an Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) can be added to a _____ _____ _______ regimen, particularly if the patient's FEV1 is less than _____ % predicted or they have frequent exacerbations.

Which respiratory disorder is chronic, reversible, characterized by hyperreactive airways leading to episodic obstruction, and is often underdiagnosed and overtreated?

Which respiratory disease is chronic, irreversible, characterized by progressive airflow obstruction due to remodeling, and can be fatal?

Which chronic respiratory disease presents with symptoms like red, itchy, watery eyes, and a runny nose?

What are the three main causes of airflow obstruction in asthma?

In asthma, what does underlying inflammation lead to?

Describe intermittent asthma in terms of symptom frequency, peak flow/spirometry results, long-term control medication, and quick-relief medication.

Describe mild persistent asthma in terms of symptom frequency, peak flow/spirometry results, long-term control medication, and quick-relief medication.

Describe moderate persistent asthma in terms of symptom frequency, peak flow/spirometry results, long-term control medication options, and quick-relief medication options.

Describe severe persistent asthma in terms of symptom frequency, peak flow/spirometry results, long-term control medication options, and quick-relief medication options.

It is safe and effective to prescribe a Long-Acting Beta-Agonist (LABA) as monotherapy for asthma.

Describe the pharmacokinetic profile of Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) in terms of onset and duration of action.

What are the indications for using Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) in asthma management?

Name two common Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) used in asthma treatment.

Name two common Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs) used in asthma treatment.

What is the typical duration of action for Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs)?

What is the role of LABAs in asthma management? Can they be used as monotherapy or for acute relief?

List four common inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) used in asthma management.

What class of drugs is considered the Drug of Choice (DOC) for long-term control of persistent asthma?

Describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of corticosteroids in asthma treatment.

What are the common routes of administration for corticosteroids in asthma, and when is each route typically used?

What are the main local adverse effects (ADEs) associated with Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)?

List potential adverse effects (ADEs) associated with systemic (oral/IV) corticosteroid use.

What important instruction should patients follow after taking an Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS)?

Name three leukotriene modifier drugs used in asthma management.

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of leukotriene modifiers?

What is the typical role or use of leukotriene modifiers in asthma management?

What are some potential adverse effects (ADEs) associated with leukotriene modifiers?

Describe cromolyn in terms of its mechanism of action (MOA), clinical use in asthma, and duration of action (DOA).

Name a short-acting and a long-acting cholinergic antagonist (antimuscarinic) used in respiratory diseases. Are they first-line agents for asthma?

Which short-acting cholinergic antagonist is often used in combination with a SABA in the emergency department for acute exacerbations, in COPD-asthma overlap syndrome, or if SABAs are not tolerated?

Which long-acting cholinergic antagonist (LAMA) can be used as an add-on therapy for adults with severe asthma who have a history of exacerbations despite being on ICS/LABA therapy?

What are common adverse effects (ADEs) associated with inhaled cholinergic antagonists?

What is theophylline, and why is its use limited in current asthma management?

What class of drugs may be considered for severe persistent asthma that remains poorly controlled despite treatment with high-dose ICS, LABA, and other standard therapies?

Name some monoclonal antibody drugs used for severe asthma and describe their general mechanisms.

What are the two main pillars of COPD treatment?

According to older GOLD patient groups classification (A, B, C, D), outline the initial pharmacologic choices and potential escalation strategies for COPD management.

Are Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) considered first-line therapy for asthma or COPD?

What drug classes are generally considered first-line maintenance therapy for symptomatic COPD?

List some Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs) used for COPD, noting their typical dosing frequency (once or twice daily).

List some Long-Acting Muscarinic Antagonists (LAMAs) used for COPD.

According to older GOLD classifications, SABAs (as needed or scheduled SAMA) could be initial therapy for COPD patients with _____ risk and _____ symptoms (Group A).

What combination therapy is often recommended initially for high-risk COPD patients with more symptoms (formerly Group D), and can also be used as escalation if a single long-acting bronchodilator is insufficient?

In some older guidelines, adding an Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) to a _____ _____ _____ was considered for COPD patients if their FEV1 was less than _____ % predicted.

Which respiratory disorder is described as chronic and reversible, where hyperreactive airways lead to episodic obstruction, and is often underdiagnosed and overtreated?

Which respiratory disease is chronic and irreversible, characterized by progressive airflow obstruction (remodeling), and can be fatal?

Which chronic respiratory disease typically presents with symptoms like red, itchy, watery eyes, and a runny nose?

What are the three main causes of airflow obstruction in asthma?

In asthma, what does the underlying inflammation lead to regarding airway function and symptoms?

For intermittent asthma: how frequent are bronchoconstrictive episodes, what are the typical peak flow/spirometry results, what long-term control is needed, and what is used for quick relief?

For mild persistent asthma: how frequent are bronchoconstrictive episodes, what are the typical peak flow/spirometry results, what long-term control is needed, and what is used for quick relief?

For moderate persistent asthma: how frequent are bronchoconstrictive episodes, what are the typical peak flow/spirometry results, what long-term control is needed, and what is used for quick relief?

For severe persistent asthma: how frequent are bronchoconstrictive episodes, what are the typical peak flow/spirometry results, what long-term control is needed, and what is used for quick relief?

It is recommended to prescribe a Long-Acting Beta-Agonist (LABA) as monotherapy for asthma.

What are the pharmacokinetic characteristics (onset and duration) of Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs)?

In which asthma scenarios are Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) used?

Name two common Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs).

Name two common Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs).

What is the duration of bronchodilation provided by Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs)?

How are Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs) used in asthma treatment regarding adjunctive therapy and monotherapy?

List common inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) drug types used in asthma management.

For which condition are inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) considered the drug of choice (DOC) for long-term control?

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of corticosteroids in asthma treatment?

What are the primary routes of administration for corticosteroids in asthma, and which is preferred?

What are the main adverse drug effects (ADEs) associated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?

List potential adverse drug effects (ADEs) associated with systemic (oral) corticosteroids.

What important step should patients always take after using an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)?

Name the three main leukotriene modifier drugs.

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of leukotriene modifiers?

What is the therapeutic use of leukotriene modifiers in asthma management?

What are common adverse drug effects (ADEs) associated with leukotriene modifiers?

Describe the mechanism of action (MOA), primary use, and duration of action (DOA) limitation for Cromolyn.

Name one short-acting and one long-acting cholinergic antagonist used in respiratory disorders.

Which short-acting cholinergic antagonist might be used alongside a SABA in the Emergency Room, for COPD-asthma overlap syndrome, or if a SABA is not tolerated?

Which long-acting cholinergic antagonist is used as add-on therapy in adults with severe asthma who have a history of exacerbations?

What are common adverse drug effects (ADEs) of cholinergic antagonists?

What is Theophylline, and why is its use limited today?

What class of drugs is considered for severe persistent asthma that remains poorly controlled despite treatment with ICS, LABA, and other standard therapies?

Identify the main types of monoclonal antibody drugs used in severe asthma and their targets.

What are the two main, very general treatment approaches for COPD?

Describe the first-choice and recommended escalation therapies for COPD patient groups A, B, C, and D.

Is an Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) considered first-line therapy in asthma or COPD?

What drug classes are considered first-line for most COPD patients (Groups B, C, D)?

List examples of LABA drugs used primarily for COPD, noting their dosing frequency.

List examples of LAMA drugs used primarily for COPD.

In COPD management, Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs) are typically reserved as the primary choice for patients with _____ risk and _____ symptoms (Group A).

What combination therapy is often recommended first-line for high-risk COPD patients with more symptoms (Group D), and can also be used as escalation if response to one agent alone is inadequate?

In COPD, an Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS) can be added to _____ therapy, particularly if the patient's FEV1 is less than _____% predicted and they have frequent exacerbations.