Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary duration of action for long-acting Beta2 agonists (LABA)?
What is the primary duration of action for long-acting Beta2 agonists (LABA)?
- 5-7 hours
- 8-12 hours (correct)
- 12-16 hours
- 3-5 hours
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Beta2 agonists?
Which of the following is NOT a side effect of Beta2 agonists?
- Tachycardia
- Hypokalemia
- Tremor
- Dizziness (correct)
In what manner are long-acting Beta2 agonists usually administered?
In what manner are long-acting Beta2 agonists usually administered?
- Regularly, twice daily (correct)
- Once a week
- As needed for symptom relief
- Four times a day
Which of these medication examples is a long-acting Beta2 agonist?
Which of these medication examples is a long-acting Beta2 agonist?
What is a typical dosing frequency for long-acting Beta2 agonists?
What is a typical dosing frequency for long-acting Beta2 agonists?
What is the primary mechanism of action of methylxanthines in treating bronchial spasm?
What is the primary mechanism of action of methylxanthines in treating bronchial spasm?
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with methylxanthines?
Which of the following is a common side effect associated with methylxanthines?
Which methylxanthine is specifically indicated for intravenous administration?
Which methylxanthine is specifically indicated for intravenous administration?
What effect does the inhibition of PDE III and PDE IV have on cAMP and cGMP levels?
What effect does the inhibition of PDE III and PDE IV have on cAMP and cGMP levels?
Anorexia, headache, and abdominal discomfort are all potential side effects of which medication class?
Anorexia, headache, and abdominal discomfort are all potential side effects of which medication class?
What characterizes an asthmatic airway during an attack?
What characterizes an asthmatic airway during an attack?
Which of the following is NOT classified as an anti-inflammatory drug used for asthma relief?
Which of the following is NOT classified as an anti-inflammatory drug used for asthma relief?
Which medication class includes both Theophylline and Aminophylline?
Which medication class includes both Theophylline and Aminophylline?
Among the following, which drug is classified as an anticholinergic used in asthma treatment?
Among the following, which drug is classified as an anticholinergic used in asthma treatment?
Asthma is characterized by which type of airway obstruction?
Asthma is characterized by which type of airway obstruction?
What mechanism do selective beta 2 agonists use to relax bronchial smooth muscle?
What mechanism do selective beta 2 agonists use to relax bronchial smooth muscle?
What effect do selective beta 2 agonists have on ciliary action?
What effect do selective beta 2 agonists have on ciliary action?
Which of the following characteristics describes beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
Which of the following characteristics describes beta 2 adrenergic agonists?
What is the primary outcome of increased cyclic AMP levels in bronchial smooth muscle?
What is the primary outcome of increased cyclic AMP levels in bronchial smooth muscle?
What distinguishes selective beta 2 agonists from non-selective beta agonists?
What distinguishes selective beta 2 agonists from non-selective beta agonists?
What is the primary route of administration for β2-adrenoceptor agonists?
What is the primary route of administration for β2-adrenoceptor agonists?
Which of the following best describes short-acting β2 agonists (SABA)?
Which of the following best describes short-acting β2 agonists (SABA)?
How frequently should SABA be used for symptomatic relief?
How frequently should SABA be used for symptomatic relief?
Which of the following is an example of a short-acting β2 agonist (SABA)?
Which of the following is an example of a short-acting β2 agonist (SABA)?
Which of the following statements about β2-adrenoceptor agonists is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about β2-adrenoceptor agonists is incorrect?
What is the primary mechanism of action of anticholinergic agents like Ipratropium Bromide?
What is the primary mechanism of action of anticholinergic agents like Ipratropium Bromide?
Which side effect is NOT commonly associated with anticholinergic agents?
Which side effect is NOT commonly associated with anticholinergic agents?
Corticosteroids contribute to asthma management by primarily doing what?
Corticosteroids contribute to asthma management by primarily doing what?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for corticosteroids in asthma treatment?
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of action for corticosteroids in asthma treatment?
In asthma treatment, why are anticholinergic agents used alongside LABA?
In asthma treatment, why are anticholinergic agents used alongside LABA?
What is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?
What is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?
Which medication is classified as a leukotriene receptor antagonist?
Which medication is classified as a leukotriene receptor antagonist?
In which scenario is a leukotriene inhibitor particularly useful?
In which scenario is a leukotriene inhibitor particularly useful?
Inhaled corticosteroids are considered effective because they:
Inhaled corticosteroids are considered effective because they:
Which side effect is associated with leukotriene inhibitors?
Which side effect is associated with leukotriene inhibitors?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Asthma Overview
- Recurrent, reversible airway obstruction caused by bronchoconstriction and increased bronchial secretions.
Drugs for Asthma Relief
- Bronchodilators: Expand airways to alleviate symptoms.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs: Reduce inflammation in airways.
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
- Corticosteroids:
- Hydrocortisone
- Beclomethasone
- Leukotriene antagonists:
- Montelukast
Bronchodilators
- β₂-agonists:
- Salbutamol and Terbutaline for short-acting relief.
- Anticholinergic drugs:
- Ipratropium bromide, effective in preventing bronchoconstriction.
- Methylxanthines:
- Theophylline and Aminophylline relieve bronchial spasm.
Airway Conditions
| Condition | Description |
|---|---|
| Normal Airway | Relaxed smooth muscle |
| Asthmatic Airway | Inflamed and thickened |
| Asthmatic During Attack | Tightened smooth muscle; air trapped |
Selective Beta 2 Agonist Mechanism
- Direct Action: Activates adenyl cyclase → increases cyclic AMP → relaxes bronchial smooth muscle.
- Mucus Clearance: Enhances action on cilia for improved mucus clearance.
Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonist Types
- Selective and Non-selective: Varying affinities for β-adrenoceptors.
- Short-acting (SABA):
- Quick relief, up to 4-6 times daily (e.g., Salbutamol, Terbutaline).
- Long-acting (LABA):
- Administered twice daily; lasts 8-12 hours (e.g., Salmeterol, Formoterol).
Side Effects of β2 Agonists
- Common: Tachycardia, tremors, tolerance, hypokalemia.
Methylxanthines
- Mechanism: Inhibition of phosphodiesterase increases cAMP/cGMP, leading to bronchodilation.
- Commonly used for severe asthma.
- Side Effects: Anorexia, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, anxiety, seizures/arrhythmias at high concentrations.
Anticholinergic Agents
- Example: Ipratropium Bromide.
- Mechanism: Blocks M3 receptors to prevent cholinergic bronchoconstriction.
- Side Effects: Dry mouth, gastrointestinal distress, headache, coughing, anxiety.
Corticosteroids
- Use: Decrease bronchial hyperactivity, increase airway caliber, reduce attack frequency.
- Mechanism: Stabilize cell membranes, inhibit inflammatory mediators, restore β2-receptor sensitivity.
- Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS):
- e.g., Beclomethasone; significant in managing chronic asthma.
- Side Effects: Pharyngeal irritation, coughing, dry mouth, oral fungal infections. Systemic effects are rare due to low doses.
Leukotriene Inhibitors
- Types:
- 5-Lipooxygenase inhibitor (Zileuton).
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists (Montelukast, Zafirlukast).
- Use: For long-term control of asthma, especially in patients unable to use inhalers.
- Side Effects: Insomnia, irritability.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
