Asthma and COPD Overview
30 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

  • Temporary breathlessness
  • Inflammation of the airway
  • Irreversible airway obstruction (correct)
  • Reversible airway obstruction

    • Asthma can be completely cured with medication.

    False

    List one common investigation used in the diagnosis of asthma.

    Spirometry

    In asthma, the immediate/early phase involves ______ and blood vessel dilation.

    <p>bronchoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the diseases with their main characteristics:

    <p>Asthma = Reversible airway obstruction COPD = Irreversible airway obstruction Chronic bronchitis = Chronic cough with mucus production Emphysema = Destruction of alveoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drugs is commonly used in the management of asthma?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Smoking cessation is important for managing asthma.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define FEV1.

    <p>Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom associated with asthma?

    <p>Reversible airway obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Asthma can only be classified as intrinsic with no external triggers.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of asthma classified by their causes?

    <p>Extrinsic and Intrinsic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The immediate effect of an allergen trigger in asthma involves the degranulation of ______ cells.

    <p>Mast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following asthma characteristics to their definitions:

    <p>Atopy = A genetic predisposition to allergic symptoms Hyperresponsiveness = Exaggerated airway response to stimuli Chronic inflammation = Long-term respiratory tract swelling Bronchodilator Reversibility = Improvement in airflow following bronchodilator use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hallmark feature of late phase asthma response?

    <p>Vascular leakage and edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Salbutamol is used as part of the emergency treatment for severe asthma attacks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In asthma, elevated ______ levels can indicate airway inflammation.

    <p>FeNO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of chronic bronchitis?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chronic bronchitis leads to a decrease in mucus production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily causes centriacinar emphysema?

    <p>Smoking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In emphysema, the loss of __________ impairs lung function.

    <p>elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the type of emphysema with its cause:

    <p>Centriacinar emphysema = Smoking Panacinar emphysema = Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Chronic bronchitis = Mucus overproduction Emphysema = Alveolar wall destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immune cells are predominantly accumulated in the lungs during emphysema?

    <p>Macrophages and CD8+ T-lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Thickening and scarring of airway tissue occurs in emphysema.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the inflammation in airway cells during chronic bronchitis lead to?

    <p>Immune cell buildup and increased mucus production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of COPD?

    <p>Productive cough with sputum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The FEV1/FVC ratio is reduced in restrictive lung diseases.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In ______ lung diseases, patients have difficulty exhaling air.

    <p>obstructive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the condition with its characteristic pattern in flow-volume loops:

    <p>Obstructive = Steeple pattern Restrictive = Reduction in volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly recommended for COPD management?

    <p>Smoking cessation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frequent infective exacerbations with purulent sputum are typical in asthma.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Asthma

    • Asthma is a chronic disease affecting people of all ages.
    • Characterized by airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production.
    • Etiology: Extrinsic (exacerbated by environmental factors like allergens) and Intrinsic (related to internal factors).
    • Pathophysiology: Involves IgE, mast cells, eosinophils, goblet cells, and basement membranes. Stages include immediate/early, late, and chronic.
    • Investigations: Strong history and clinical signs, diurnal peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) variability, bronchodilator reversibility test, bronchial challenge test (histamine).

    COPD

    • COPD is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
    • Characterized by airflow limitation that's not fully reversible.
    • Etiology: Smoking is the leading cause. Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency also plays a role.
    • Pathophysiology: Emphysema (destruction of alveoli) and chronic bronchitis (inflammation of bronchioles) are common.
      • Reversible and irreversible causes of airflow obstruction.
      • Structural, functional, and immunological changes.
    • Symptoms: Cough, shortness of breath (dyspnea), and sputum production.
    • Investigations: Spirometry (reduced FEV1/FVC ratio), chest X-ray, arterial blood gases (ABGs).
    • Treatment: Primarily focuses on managing symptoms, like smoking cessation and bronchodilators.

    Lung Function Tests

    • Obstructive: Difficulty exhaling air (e.g., asthma, COPD). -FEV1 is impacted
    • Restrictive: Difficulty inhaling air (e.g., pulmonary fibrosis). -Impacted FVC
    • Spirometry measures forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). A low FEV1/FVC ratio suggests obstructive disease.
    • Flow-volume loops are helpful for determining obstructive and restrictive patterns. Obstructive = steeple patterns. Restrictive = reduction in overall volume.

    Treatment

    • Asthma treatment includes relievers (like salbutamol) and controllers (like inhaled corticosteroids). Severe cases might require hospitalization.
    • COPD treatment primarily focuses on symptom management, including bronchodilators and smoking cessation programs.

    Practice Questions

    • There are practice questions provided for both asthma and COPD. There are questions on both topics.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Asthma and COPD - Spirometry PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the chronic diseases of Asthma and COPD, covering their etiology, pathophysiology, and methods of investigation. It is suitable for students learning about respiratory health and disease management. Test your understanding of the key concepts related to these conditions.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser