Assistive Technology Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of adaptive technology?

  • To make technology affordable for everyone.
  • To improve general user experience for all individuals.
  • To maintain or increase capabilities of people with disabilities. (correct)
  • To create entertainment software for children.
  • Which of the following is an example of adaptive technology for individuals with visual impairments?

  • Digital cameras.
  • Standard computer mouse.
  • Gaming consoles.
  • Screen magnifiers. (correct)
  • What does TTY stand for in reference to adaptive technology?

  • Text Talker for Youth.
  • Televised Text Yield.
  • Telephone Typewriter. (correct)
  • Telecommunication Typing Yes.
  • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of adaptive technology?

    <p>It is typically used by individuals without disabilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of screen reader software?

    <p>To read text displayed on computer screens aloud. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of a standing wheelchair?

    <p>To allow users to interact at eye level (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a physical benefit of using a standing wheelchair?

    <p>Increased fatigue levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can standing wheelchairs improve bowel function?

    <p>Through promoting regular exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological benefit is associated with using standing wheelchairs?

    <p>Improved ability to complete routine tasks independently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact do standing wheelchairs have on joint and muscle tightness?

    <p>They temporarily relieve tightness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What research finding relates standing wheelchairs to bone health?

    <p>They improve bone density (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does prolonged sitting negatively affect wheelchair users?

    <p>Leads to muscle atrophy and fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism can be utilized by standing wheelchairs to achieve movement?

    <p>Hydraulic lifting mechanisms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential benefit of using a standing wheelchair?

    <p>Provides the ability to stand which can help minimize depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a mobility aid?

    <p>Roller walker (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of grab bars in a bathroom?

    <p>To provide support while standing up or sitting down (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a bath chair or bath bench contribute to well-being?

    <p>It helps save energy by allowing sitting while bathing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function do anti-slip rubber mats serve in a bathroom setting?

    <p>To provide a non-slippery surface when wet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the function of tap turners?

    <p>They make it easier to turn faucets on and off (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended feature of the proper installation of grab bars?

    <p>Firmly fixed and placed at the correct height for safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After a stroke, which of the following mobility aids can enhance independence?

    <p>Walking canes and walking sticks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assistive device allows for easier bathing without bending down?

    <p>Long handled brushes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of using urinals for individuals with mobility challenges?

    <p>They can be utilized in any position, including lying down. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a bedside commode?

    <p>To provide easier access to a toilet when the bathroom is not reachable. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assistive device is best for providing a stable grip when getting on/off the toilet?

    <p>Fixed grab bars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done regularly to maintain cleanliness when using bed pans and urinals?

    <p>Wash them regularly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended positioning for a user on a bedside commode?

    <p>Feet should touch the ground flat. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a fixed toilet frame?

    <p>To provide height adjustment for the toilet seat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are bed pans typically used?

    <p>For both bowel movements and urinating (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of a raised toilet seat?

    <p>It increases the height of the toilet for easier access. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assistive device provides both increased support and height for toileting?

    <p>Toilet frame with seat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you make it easier to cut nails if you have difficulty using your hands?

    <p>Soak your hands or feet in water to soften the nails. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be ensured to reduce the risk of falls in the bathroom?

    <p>Keeping the bathroom floor dry at all times. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main use of a tube dispenser for toothpaste?

    <p>To dispense toothpaste without using both hands. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important for assistive devices to have non-slippery surfaces?

    <p>To enhance the user’s safety. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method for brushing teeth when one hand is weaker?

    <p>To primarily use the stronger hand while trying to involve the weaker hand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alternative can be used if there is difficulty separating the sheets of toilet paper?

    <p>Use tissues or pre-separated wet wipe sheets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a suitable technique for dressing the weaker arm first?

    <p>Put in your weaker arm first. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When pulling pants up, what should you do before standing?

    <p>Bring your pants up to mid-thigh. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to choose clothes made from cotton and natural fibers?

    <p>They are easier to launder and more comfortable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role can long-handled reachers play in dressing?

    <p>They assist in reaching clothes that are too high or out of reach. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you avoid wearing to make the dressing process easier?

    <p>Tight-fitting clothes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should you undress when seated?

    <p>Remove clothing from the weaker arm first and then the stronger arm. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptive device can assist with buttoning clothing?

    <p>Button hook. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To prevent falls while dressing, what should you avoid?

    <p>Standing in socks or barefoot. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    What is a standing wheelchair?

    An assistive device that allows wheelchair users to transition from a seated to a standing position, enabling them to interact with the environment at eye level.

    How are standing wheelchairs operated?

    Standing wheelchairs can be operated manually or powered, using mechanisms like hydraulic lifts.

    What are the benefits of standing for circulation?

    Improved blood circulation throughout the body, preventing blood stagnation and ensuring proper flow.

    How does standing help with spasticity?

    Regularly standing helps loosen muscles and reduce tightness, particularly beneficial for individuals with spasticity.

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    What is the impact of standing on bowel function?

    Standing exercises have been shown to improve bowel function, which can be a common issue for wheelchair users.

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    How does standing help prevent pressure sores?

    Standing helps distribute weight evenly, reducing pressure on specific areas and preventing the formation of pressure sores.

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    What is the effect of standing on contractures?

    Spending extended periods sitting can cause muscles and joints to tighten. Standing helps stretch and exercise muscles, reducing stiffness.

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    How does standing impact bone density?

    Research indicates standing can improve bone density, as the body experiences increased weight bearing compared to sitting.

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    What assistive devices help with bathing?

    Long-handled brushes and sponges make it easier to reach your back or feet without bending or stretching.

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    What is a urinal and when is it used?

    Urinals are helpful for people who have difficulty going to the bathroom or transferring to the toilet. They come in male and female versions and can be used while lying down or sitting up.

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    What is a bed pan and when is it used?

    Bed pans are for use when someone has difficulty getting out of bed to go to the bathroom. They are designed for both peeing and bowel movements.

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    What is a bedside commode and when is it used?

    A bedside commode is a portable toilet that can be used in the bedroom for those who have difficulty reaching the bathroom.

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    What is a fixed grab bar and when is it used?

    Fixed grab bars are helpful for people who can walk into the bathroom and sit on the toilet with one-handed support. They are attached to the wall near the toilet.

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    What is a fixed toilet frame and when is it used?

    A toilet frame is a structure that is fixed to the floor around the toilet. It provides support and stability for getting on and off the toilet.

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    Depression in Wheelchair Users

    A condition often caused by a lack of control over one's life. People confined to wheelchairs may experience this due to limitations, but regaining some mobility, even with support, can help improve it.

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    Well-being and Standing Wheelchairs

    The state of being well, especially physically and mentally. A standing wheelchair can significantly improve this by allowing individuals to interact with others on an equal level, promoting social inclusion and boosting self-esteem.

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    What are Mobility Aids?

    Assistive devices that support walking and provide stability. They are often used by people recovering from strokes to help them regain their independence.

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    Walking Canes/Sticks

    A mobility aid used for support and stability, especially for people experiencing difficulty with balance or weakness in their legs.

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    Assistive Devices for Bathing

    Assistive devices that can help with bathing, providing stability and support, especially for individuals with difficulty standing or balancing.

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    Grab Bars for Bathing

    A bar installed in the shower or bathtub for support during entry, exit, and movement. They improve safety by preventing falls and providing stability.

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    Bath Chair or Bench

    A chair or bench specifically designed for bathing, providing rest and support. It is particularly helpful for individuals with balance issues.

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    Transfer Bath Bench

    A type of bath bench that facilitates easy transfer in and out of the bathtub. The individual sits on the bench and lifts their legs over the side, making it easier than stepping over the bathtub while standing.

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    How does a raised toilet seat help with toileting?

    A raised toilet seat increases the height of the toilet, making it easier to sit down and stand up.

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    How do toilet frames and toilet seats with handles aid toileting?

    A toilet frame with a seat or a toilet seat with handles provides additional support and height, aiding in standing up and sitting down on the toilet.

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    Why can wet wipes or pre-separated toilet paper be helpful for toileting?

    Using wet wipes or pre-separated toilet paper can be easier for individuals with dexterity limitations, as it requires less coordination to use.

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    Why is a dry bathroom floor important after a stroke?

    Keeping the bathroom floor dry is crucial to reduce the risk of slipping and falling, which is more common after a stroke.

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    How does soaking your hands or feet help with nail trimming after a stroke?

    Soaking your hands or feet softens the nails, making them easier to cut.

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    Why are clippers preferred over scissors for nail trimming after a stroke?

    Clippers are often easier to manage than scissors, especially for those with limited dexterity.

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    How does a tube dispenser help with brushing teeth after a stroke?

    A tube dispenser allows you to squeeze toothpaste out of the tube with one hand, making it easier to brush your teeth.

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    What is the recommendation for using your hands while brushing teeth after a stroke?

    Using your stronger hand to hold the toothbrush may be easier, but try to use your weaker hand as well to improve hand function.

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    What is Adaptive Technology?

    Devices designed to aid individuals with disabilities in performing activities of daily living, like dressing.

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    What is a button hook?

    A tool used for buttoning and unbuttoning clothes, especially for individuals with limited hand dexterity.

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    What is a long-handled reacher?

    A long-handled tool that assists in reaching clothes or objects that are too high, too low, or far away.

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    What is a long-handled shoe horn?

    A tool designed to help people put on shoes without bending down, especially those with mobility limitations.

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    How to put on a sweater/shirt (weaker arm first)?

    A dressing technique that involves starting with the weaker arm, putting it into the sleeve first, and then the stronger arm.

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    How to put on pants (weaker leg first)?

    A dressing technique where you put the weaker leg into the pant leg first, followed by the stronger leg.

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    How to take off a shirt/sweater (stronger arm first)?

    A technique for taking off clothing where you remove the garment from the stronger arm first, followed by the weaker arm.

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    How to take off pants?

    A technique for taking off pants where you stand to lower the pants, then sit down to remove them from your legs.

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    Adaptive technology

    Technology specifically designed for people with disabilities to improve or maintain their capabilities.

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    Special versions of existing technology

    Tools or technology modified for people with disabilities to make tasks easier, like a car with hand controls.

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    Screen reader software

    Software that reads text aloud on a computer screen, helping visually impaired users access information.

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    Digital Talking Book (DTB) players

    Digital audiobooks designed for people with reading disabilities like blindness or dyslexia.

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    Telephone typewriter (TTY)

    A device that allows deaf or hearing-impaired individuals to communicate over telephone lines by typing messages.

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    Study Notes

    Assistive Technology and Adaptive Technology

    • Assistive technology (AT) is any item, piece of equipment, or product system used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capacities of individuals with disabilities.
    • AT promotes greater independence by enabling people to perform tasks they were previously unable to do, or had difficulty accomplishing. This is done by enhancing existing technology or changing interactions with the technology needed.

    Examples of Assistive Technology

    • Exoskeletons: Advanced technology walking products for individuals who cannot walk or stand. Powered exoskeletons are motorized orthoses placed over a person's limb, corresponding to human joints. Their purpose is to facilitate standing, walking, and rehabilitation.

    • Structure: Robotic "limbs" and a backpack battery/computer system.

    • Weight: Typically 45 pounds.

    • Operation: Detects nerve signals sent from the brain to the muscles via sensors on the skin, then transmits the information to the suit's power unit, which moves the suit's robotic limbs in sync with the wearer's movements.

    • Controls: Operated by high-tech crutches (pressure on one means a step using the opposite leg; pressure on both means standing up). The wearer performs daily tasks like standing up from a chair, walking, climbing stairs, and lifting heavy objects.

    • Outcomes: Primary outcomes include gait, functionality, and safety (fracture, pain, cardio-pulmonary events). Secondary outcomes are neurological improvements, motor strength, bowel and bladder function, and spasticity reduction.

    • Standing Wheelchairs: Assistive devices facilitating standing positions for individuals with disabilities. They elevate/lower from a seated position for interactive eye-level engagement with people/objects

    • Functionality: Manually- or power-operated (with hydraulic or other mechanisms) for consistent mobility and assisted upright standing.

    • Use: Applicable for people with mild to severe disabilities.

    • Benefits:

    • Physical: Improved circulation, reduced spasticity, enhanced bowel function, reduced pressure sores, joint/muscle relaxation/strengthening.

    • Psychological: Greater independence and self-reliance for daily living activities like reaching for objects, replacing bulbs, and seeing reflections. Reduced fatigue and depression. Enhanced feelings of wellbeing and equality during social interactions.

    Other Assistive Technologies

    • Seating: Therapeutic seats for safe and comfortable seating.
    • Walking aids: Canes, crutches, and walkers.
    • Mobility: Wheelchairs, scooters, lifts, and stair-lifts.
    • Bathing aids: Grab bars, bath chairs/benches, anti-slip mats, tap turners, long-handled brushes, and sponges.
    • Toileting aids: Urinals, bedpans, bedside commodes, fixed grab bars, toilet frames, raised toilet seats, toilet frames with seats/handles, and toilet paper/wet wipes.

    Adaptive Technology

    • Designed for people with disabilities to increase or maintain capabilities. Not typically used by non-disabled people.
    • Examples:
      • Screen magnifiers and adapted keyboards for visually-impaired.
      • Telephone typewriters (TTY) for Deaf or hearing-impaired communication.
      • Handheld amplifiers.
      • Screen readers software (to read computer text).
      • Digital Talking Book (DTB) players (audiobooks).
      • Other specialized versions or adaptations of existing technologies/tools for those with specific limitations (e.g., special cars for vision-impaired individuals).

    Grooming Aids

    • Cutting nails: Soaking in water first (softening). Using clippers (easier and reduces force) vs scissors, better grip design.
    • Brushing teeth: Tube dispensers for toothpaste application or use of stronger hand for toothbrush.

    Dressing Aids

    • General advice: Comfortable environment, chair use, assistive assistance if needed, loose-fitting clothes (cotton/natural fibers).
    • Dressing techniques (sweaters/shirts): Garment placement, weaker arm first, pulling sleeves over elbows, grip on back for elevation, stronger hand to pull over head.
    • Undressing techniques (sweaters/shirts): Stronger arm first, weaker arm next, and similar process for pulling garments off.
    • Putting on pants: Weaker leg first, then stronger leg, bring up to mid-thigh and stand once both garments are secured.
    • Undressing techniques (pants): Stand up and pull down clothes. Sit to remove clothes/garments, avoid standing in socks or barefoot.
    • Dressing aids: Long-handled reachers, button hooks, long-handled shoe horns.

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    Description

    This quiz provides an overview of assistive and adaptive technology, focusing on their role in enhancing independence for individuals with disabilities. Additionally, it features specific examples such as exoskeletons, highlighting their structure, weight, and operation. Test your knowledge on how these technologies improve functional capacities.

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