Assisted Reproductive Techniques and GIFT
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary method used to retrieve eggs from a woman's ovaries in GIFT?

  • Ultrasound-guided needle insertion (correct)
  • Hormonal stimulation
  • Direct aspiration
  • Laproscopic surgery

What aspect of GIFT may align with the beliefs of some individuals regarding conception?

  • High level of human intervention
  • Using donor sperm exclusively
  • Fertilization occurring outside the body
  • Fertilization takes place within the fallopian tube (correct)

What is one of the advantages of GIFT compared to other methods of artificial insemination?

  • It requires significant human intervention during fertilization.
  • It is the least expensive method available.
  • There is minimal human intervention in the actual fertilization. (correct)
  • It allows fertilization to occur outside the body.

Who were the pioneers in the development of the GIFT procedure?

<p>Steptoe and Edwards (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the average cycle of GIFT take to complete?

<p>Four to six weeks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of Trisomy 13 syndrome?

<p>It is associated with severe cognitive challenges. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of early intervention for babies diagnosed with health disorders?

<p>It prevents the disease from becoming serious. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which describes the first trimester psychological task for partners during pregnancy?

<p>Accepting the pregnancy and its implications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physical anomalies are commonly seen with Trisomy 13 syndrome?

<p>Ventricular septal defects and cleft lip. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should counseling for clients be based on?

<p>An individual and flexible style tailored to needs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is endometriosis characterized by?

<p>Growth of tissues outside the womb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which procedure is NOT included in fertility testing for uterine concerns?

<p>Egg retrieval ultrasound (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART)?

<p>Technology to achieve pregnancy through various procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intracervical insemination involves which method?

<p>Injection of unwashed semen into the cervix (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication of infertility according to WHO?

<p>Inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an assisted reproductive technique?

<p>In vitro fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method used to check tubal patency?

<p>Hysterosalpinogogram (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of infertility?

<p>Regular menstrual cycles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an individual with two identical genes for a trait?

<p>Homozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the ovarian activity during pregnancy?

<p>Ovarian stops due to hormonal feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is referred to as 'The Father of Genetics'?

<p>Gregory Mendel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which respiratory change occurs during pregnancy?

<p>Respiratory rate increases by 1 or 2 breaths per minute (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'allele'?

<p>One of a pair of genes at a specific location on a chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system's activity increases almost entirely during pregnancy?

<p>Endocrine system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes an individual with one healthy gene and one unhealthy gene?

<p>Heterozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change occurs to plasma PCO2 during pregnancy?

<p>Decreased to about 27-32 mm Hg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What physiological event marks the beginning of pregnancy?

<p>Implantation of the fertilized ovum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary aim of genetic counseling?

<p>To educate about family health history and genetic risks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following changes occurs to the expiratory reserve volume during pregnancy?

<p>Decreased by 20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the immune system respond during pregnancy?

<p>Immunologic competency decreases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does genetic counseling aim to reduce the incidence of genetic disorders?

<p>By promoting informed decision-making (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emotional state is commonly associated with pregnancy?

<p>Ambivalence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alleles in determining blood type?

<p>They are inherited pairs that control blood type characteristics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological change during the second trimester of pregnancy?

<p>Narcissism and introversion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to plasma pH during pregnancy?

<p>Increases to 7.40-7.45 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant emotional response may accompany pregnancy, despite being typically considered positive?

<p>Grief (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of pregnancy on blood volume?

<p>Blood volume increases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which case would an individual be considered homozygous recessive?

<p>Having two genes for a recessive trait (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the third trimester, partners typically prepare for the baby by doing what?

<p>Preparing clothing and sleeping arrangements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cultural aspect can influence a pregnant person's behavior and activities?

<p>Cultural beliefs and taboos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common situation may a pregnant person experience regarding their family during childbirth?

<p>Separation from family and visitors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding the newborn after birth, what is an expected practice during the first week?

<p>Feeding by nurses only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endometriosis

A condition where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside of the uterus, often in the pelvic cavity, causing pain, infertility, and other problems.

Tubal Patency Testing

A technique used to determine if the fallopian tubes are open and clear for egg transport.

Artificial Insemination

The process of introducing sperm into the female's uterus or cervix to achieve pregnancy, without sexual intercourse.

Intracervical Insemination

A type of assisted reproductive technique, where sperm is injected directly into the cervix.

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Hysteroscopy

A medical procedure where a thin, lighted tube is inserted into the uterus to visualize the uterine cavity.

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Infertility

The inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse.

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Assisted Reproductive Technique (ART)

A technology used to achieve pregnancy through various procedures.

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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

The process of fertilizing an egg outside of the body and then transferring the embryo to the uterus.

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Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT)

A procedure where eggs are retrieved from a woman's ovaries and placed in a fallopian tube along with sperm.

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Who performed the first GIFT procedure?

The first successful attempt at GIFT was made by Steptoe and Edwards.

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How long does the GIFT procedure typically take?

The GIFT procedure takes around four to six weeks to complete.

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What is one advantage of GIFT?

One advantage of GIFT is that it allows for fertilization to happen within the fallopian tubes, avoiding the ethical concerns of some religious beliefs.

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What is another advantage of GIFT?

Another benefit is that it involves less human intervention in the actual fertilization process.

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Homozygous

A person who has two identical genes for a particular trait.

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Heterozygous

A person who has two different genes for a particular trait.

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Homozygous Dominant

An individual with two dominant genes for a trait.

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Homozygous Recessive

An individual with two recessive genes for a trait.

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Genome

The complete set of genetic information in an organism.

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Alleles

One of a pair of genes that appear at a specific location on a chromosome and control the same characteristic.

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Genetics

The study of heredity and how traits are passed down from parents to offspring.

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Dominant Inheritance

A pattern of inheritance where the dominant gene masks the recessive gene.

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Trisomy 13 Syndrome

A genetic disorder characterized by an extra chromosome 13, leading to severe cognitive disabilities and physical abnormalities.

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Cleft Lip and Palate

A birth defect where the roof of the mouth and the upper lip don't close completely during pregnancy.

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Ventricular Septal Defect

A hole in the wall separating the two lower chambers of the heart.

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Abnormal Genitalia

Abnormalities in the reproductive organs, affecting the development of the genitals.

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First Trimester of Pregnancy

The first stage of pregnancy where the woman adjusts to the idea of being pregnant and starts to experience physical changes.

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Pregnancy Ambivalence

A state of feeling both positive and negative emotions about the pregnancy, often due to a mix of excitement and uncertainty.

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What is pregnancy?

A state of pregnancy characterized by the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine lining, leading to the development of a fetus.

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Second Trimester Emotional Changes

The shift in a partner's emotional state during the second trimester, marked by a focus on parental feelings, often accompanied by introspection and heightened dreaming.

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Third Trimester Preparation

Activities during the third trimester that involve preparing for the baby's arrival, including setting up a nursery, organizing clothing, and preparing for the birth itself.

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Social Changes during Pregnancy

Social changes during pregnancy can include isolation from family and medical interventions, leading to a sense of separation and reduced support.

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Cultural Influence on Pregnancy

Cultural values and beliefs can influence how pregnant people participate in their own care and activities, sometimes leading to restrictions or specific practices.

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Grief during Pregnancy

The experience of grief during pregnancy can seem paradoxical, as pregnancy is often associated with happiness, but the emotional complexities of pregnancy can lead to sadness.

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Psychological Changes during Pregnancy

The potential for emotional and social changes during the pregnancy journey, including feelings of ambivalence, introspection, and grief.

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Muscle fiber loosening during pregnancy

The muscles of the uterus loosen and become stretched in preparation for labor and delivery.

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Ovarian changes during pregnancy

The corpus luteum produces estrogen and progesterone in early pregnancy, while the placenta does so in later pregnancy.

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Breast changes during pregnancy

Increased blood flow to the breasts and hormonal changes prepare the breasts for lactation.

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Endocrine system changes during pregnancy

Most of the endocrine system increases its activity to support fetal development.

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Immune system changes during pregnancy

The immune system weakens to prevent the mother's body from rejecting the fetus as a foreign object.

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Blood volume changes during pregnancy

Increased blood volume is necessary to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.

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Increased iron, folic acid, and vitamin needs during pregnancy

Increased iron, folic acid, and vitamin needs are essential for proper fetal growth and development.

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Respiratory system changes during pregnancy

The body's ability to take in air increases with pregnancy.

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Study Notes

Introduction

  • Maternal and child health (MCH) programs address health issues affecting women, children, and families
  • These programs include access to prenatal and well-child care, preventing infant and maternal mortality, and promoting mental health
  • Services for children with special healthcare needs are also prioritized to strengthen communities

Objectives

  • Understanding maternal and child health as a continuum
  • Identifying and applying goals and philosophies of maternal and child health nursing
  • Understanding the 2030 National Health Goals
  • Planning nursing care that integrates the six QSEN competencies (patient-centered care, teamwork & collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, and informatics)

Key Words

  • Evidence-based practice
  • Fertility rate
  • Infant mortality rate
  • Maternal and child health nursing

Maternal and Child Health Nursing Practice Throughout the Childbearing-Childrearing Continuum

  • Provision of preconception health care
  • Provision of nursing care throughout pregnancy, birth, and postpartum
  • Provision of nursing care from birth through adolescence
  • Providing nursing care to families in all settings

Philosophy of Maternal and Child Health Nursing

  • Family-centered
  • Community-centered
  • Evidence-based
  • A key role in optimizing family well-being

Maternal and Child Health Nurse Responsibilities

  • Considers the family as a whole and a partner in care
  • Advocates for the rights of all family members, including the fetus
  • Demonstrates high independent nursing functions
  • Promotes disease prevention and health for the next generation
  • Serves as an important resource for families during childbearing and childrearing
  • Birth rate
  • Fertility rate
  • Fetal death rate
  • Neonatal health rate
  • Perinatal death rate
  • Maternal mortality rate
  • Infant mortality rate

Reproductive and Sexual Health

  • The ability to reproduce distinguishes living from non-living matter in humans
  • Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of two gametes (sperm and ovum)
  • The male reproductive system includes testes, epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and penis
  • The female reproductive system includes ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina
  • Anatomy and physiology are key to understanding reproductive health and planning for childbearing
  • Birth rate
  • Fertility rate
  • Fetal death rate
  • Neonatal heath rate
  • Perinatal death rate
  • Maternal mortality rate
  • Infant mortality rate
  • Childhood mortality rate
  • Childhood morbidity rate
  • The number of single parents is increasing
  • Families are becoming more mobile
  • Child and intimate partner violence is increasing
  • Balancing quality and cost containment is crucial

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Maternal and Child Health Nursing PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ART) with a focus on GIFT (Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer). It explores methods, advantages, and psychological aspects of fertility treatments, along with questions about genetic syndromes like Trisomy 13. Enhance your understanding of reproductive health and the complexities of conception.

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