Assessment in Reading Development

To identify at-risk students, monitor progress, inform instruction, and assess sufficiency of instruction.

A critical element of an effective school-level plan for preventing reading difficulties.

By helping them make instructional decisions and monitor program implementation.

Diamond (2005).

It helps prevent reading difficulties and ensures that all students achieve grade-level expectations.

There are five stages of reading development according to Jeanne Chall: Stages 1 and 2 are characterized as 'learning to read' and Stages 3-5 are characterized as 'reading to learn'.

The critical transition period refers to the period from Stage 2 to Stage 3, when students transition from 'learning to read' to 'reading to learn'.

During the critical transition period, there is often a sudden drop-off in reading scores, particularly for socioeconomically disadvantaged students.

In the learning-to-read stage, students read simple texts containing familiar words, while in the reading-to-learn stage, students read more demanding academic texts with challenging words and complex concepts.

The text does not provide information about the phenomenon referred to as the 'four'.