Assessing Vital Signs and Identifying Priority Problems
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of statins?

  • Hypertension
  • Weight gain
  • Insomnia
  • Rash (correct)

    • What is the main mechanism of action of bile-acid sequestrants?

  • Reducing bile acid reabsorption in the intestine (correct)
  • Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
  • Increasing LDL receptors on hepatocytes
  • Blocking cholesterol absorption in the small intestine

    • Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of cholestyramine?

  • History of stroke
  • Complete biliary obstruction (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Hypothyroidism

    • What is the primary purpose of drug therapy for angina pectoris?

    <p>Decreasing myocardial oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women of all racial and ethnic groups?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual cause of coronary artery disease?

    <p>Buildup of plaque</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is cholesterol required for?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipoprotein has a higher density?

    <p>Lipoproteins with higher percentage of protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important question the nurse should ask the patient before starting the Nitroglycerin drip?

    <p>Do you have any allergies?</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary carrier of triglycerides in the blood?

    <p>Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary target for cholesterol-lowering medication?

    <p>Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What serum levels should be monitored in a patient taking atorvastatin (Lipitor)?

    <p>Liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of statin therapy?

    <p>To reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is converted to plasmin by binding to fibrin in the clot?

    <p>Plasminogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzymatic protein that breaks down the fibrin thrombus into fibrin degradation products?

    <p>Alteplase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major indication for the use of Alteplase?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended time frame for administering Alteplase in acute MI?

    <p>Within 4-6 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is Alteplase administered?

    <p>Intravenously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major adverse effect of Alteplase?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of unstable angina?

    <p>It is characterized by increased frequency and severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing a 12-lead ECG within 10 minutes of a suspected myocardial infarction?

    <p>To detect expected ECG changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of ranolazine?

    <p>It increases energy production of the heart without decreasing blood pressure or heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to reduce anxiety in a patient with acute coronary syndrome?

    <p>Stress-reduction techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a patient do if they begin to notice chest pain while mowing the lawn on a hot Saturday afternoon?

    <p>Call 911</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the action of nitrates and nitrites in the treatment of angina?

    <p>They decrease myocardial oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset, peak, and duration of action for sublingual nitroglycerin?

    <p>Onset: 1-3 minutes, Peak: 4-8 minutes, Duration: 30-60 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ED drugs such as sildenafil/Viagra contraindicated in clients taking nitrates?

    <p>They can cause a severe drop in blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of arrhythmias occur in the lower chambers of the heart?

    <p>Ventricular arrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pacemaker site in the heart?

    <p>Sinoatrial (SA) node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue in the heart conducts electrical impulses at a much slower rate?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four events that occur during a heartbeat?

    <p>Stimulation, transmission, contraction, relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion movement is the initiation of an impulse dependent on?

    <p>Na and K ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart can start an electrical impulse?

    <p>Any part of the conduction system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which electrolyte imbalance increases myocardial irritability and is a risk factor for atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias?

    <p>Hypomagnesemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored during drug therapy for emergency resuscitation of adults?

    <p>Cardiac rhythm and general well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of drug therapy for angina pectoris?

    <p>To reduce myocardial oxygen demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly used in emergency resuscitation of adults to increase blood pressure and cardiac output?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important nursing implication for the use of specific drugs in emergency resuscitation?

    <p>Assess for potential drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major adverse effect of Alteplase?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the correct classification for Amiodarone?

    <p>Class III - Drugs that delay Repolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cardiac dysrhythmias?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of atrial fibrillation?

    <p>Atrial fibrillation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of antidysrhythmics in the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias?

    <p>To restore normal sinus rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the SA node?

    <p>It is the only site of electrical impulse formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of performing a 12-lead ECG within 10 minutes of a suspected myocardial infarction?

    <p>To identify the location and extent of myocardial damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following beta blockers is nonselective and approved for treating dysrhythmias?

    <p>Propranolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of beta blockers like propranolol?

    <p>Reduces sympathetic stimulation of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antidysrhythmic drug is classified as a Class III drug and blocks both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the indications for using amiodarone as an antidysrhythmic drug?

    <p>Control of supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary adverse effect of diltiazem, a Class IV calcium channel blocker?

    <p>Hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of using diltiazem in patients with supraventricular tachydysrhythmias?

    <p>Suppression of excessive discharge of SA node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs block cardiac sodium channels and decrease conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, and His-Purkinje systems?

    <p>Class I A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs is the oldest and most widely used, and is indicated for supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias?

    <p>Class I A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs is indicated for ventricular dysrhythmias associated with myocardial infarction, cardiac catheterization, cardiac surgery, and digitalis ventricular dysrhythmias?

    <p>Class I B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs decreases myocardial irritability in the ventricles by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of ventricular myocardial cells?

    <p>Class I B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs prolongs the QT interval by delaying ventricular repolarization?

    <p>Class I A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs widens the QRS complex by slowing depolarization of the ventricles?

    <p>Class I A</p> Signup and view all the answers

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