Assessing Vital Signs and Identifying Priority Problems
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of statins?

  • Hypertension
  • Weight gain
  • Insomnia
  • Rash (correct)

What is the main mechanism of action of bile-acid sequestrants?

  • Reducing bile acid reabsorption in the intestine (correct)
  • Inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
  • Increasing LDL receptors on hepatocytes
  • Blocking cholesterol absorption in the small intestine

Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of cholestyramine?

  • History of stroke
  • Complete biliary obstruction (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Hypothyroidism

What is the primary purpose of drug therapy for angina pectoris?

<p>Decreasing myocardial oxygen demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States for men and women of all racial and ethnic groups?

<p>Cardiovascular disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the usual cause of coronary artery disease?

<p>Buildup of plaque (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is cholesterol required for?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lipoprotein has a higher density?

<p>Lipoproteins with higher percentage of protein (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important question the nurse should ask the patient before starting the Nitroglycerin drip?

<p>Do you have any allergies? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary carrier of triglycerides in the blood?

<p>Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary target for cholesterol-lowering medication?

<p>Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What serum levels should be monitored in a patient taking atorvastatin (Lipitor)?

<p>Liver enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of statin therapy?

<p>To reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is converted to plasmin by binding to fibrin in the clot?

<p>Plasminogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the enzymatic protein that breaks down the fibrin thrombus into fibrin degradation products?

<p>Alteplase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major indication for the use of Alteplase?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended time frame for administering Alteplase in acute MI?

<p>Within 4-6 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is Alteplase administered?

<p>Intravenously (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major adverse effect of Alteplase?

<p>Bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of unstable angina?

<p>It is characterized by increased frequency and severity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a 12-lead ECG within 10 minutes of a suspected myocardial infarction?

<p>To detect expected ECG changes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of ranolazine?

<p>It increases energy production of the heart without decreasing blood pressure or heart rate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to reduce anxiety in a patient with acute coronary syndrome?

<p>Stress-reduction techniques (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a patient do if they begin to notice chest pain while mowing the lawn on a hot Saturday afternoon?

<p>Call 911 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of nitrates and nitrites in the treatment of angina?

<p>They decrease myocardial oxygen demand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset, peak, and duration of action for sublingual nitroglycerin?

<p>Onset: 1-3 minutes, Peak: 4-8 minutes, Duration: 30-60 minutes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are ED drugs such as sildenafil/Viagra contraindicated in clients taking nitrates?

<p>They can cause a severe drop in blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of arrhythmias occur in the lower chambers of the heart?

<p>Ventricular arrhythmias (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pacemaker site in the heart?

<p>Sinoatrial (SA) node (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue in the heart conducts electrical impulses at a much slower rate?

<p>Muscle tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four events that occur during a heartbeat?

<p>Stimulation, transmission, contraction, relaxation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ion movement is the initiation of an impulse dependent on?

<p>Na and K ions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the heart can start an electrical impulse?

<p>Any part of the conduction system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which electrolyte imbalance increases myocardial irritability and is a risk factor for atrial and ventricular dysrhythmias?

<p>Hypomagnesemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored during drug therapy for emergency resuscitation of adults?

<p>Cardiac rhythm and general well-being (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of drug therapy for angina pectoris?

<p>To reduce myocardial oxygen demand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used in emergency resuscitation of adults to increase blood pressure and cardiac output?

<p>Epinephrine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing implication for the use of specific drugs in emergency resuscitation?

<p>Assess for potential drug interactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major adverse effect of Alteplase?

<p>Bleeding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct classification for Amiodarone?

<p>Class III - Drugs that delay Repolarization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cardiac dysrhythmias?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of atrial fibrillation?

<p>Atrial fibrillation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of antidysrhythmics in the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmias?

<p>To restore normal sinus rhythm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the SA node?

<p>It is the only site of electrical impulse formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of performing a 12-lead ECG within 10 minutes of a suspected myocardial infarction?

<p>To identify the location and extent of myocardial damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following beta blockers is nonselective and approved for treating dysrhythmias?

<p>Propranolol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of beta blockers like propranolol?

<p>Reduces sympathetic stimulation of the heart (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antidysrhythmic drug is classified as a Class III drug and blocks both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors?

<p>Amiodarone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the indications for using amiodarone as an antidysrhythmic drug?

<p>Control of supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary adverse effect of diltiazem, a Class IV calcium channel blocker?

<p>Hypotension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of using diltiazem in patients with supraventricular tachydysrhythmias?

<p>Suppression of excessive discharge of SA node (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs block cardiac sodium channels and decrease conduction velocity in the atria, ventricles, and His-Purkinje systems?

<p>Class I A (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs is the oldest and most widely used, and is indicated for supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias?

<p>Class I A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs is indicated for ventricular dysrhythmias associated with myocardial infarction, cardiac catheterization, cardiac surgery, and digitalis ventricular dysrhythmias?

<p>Class I B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs decreases myocardial irritability in the ventricles by increasing the electrical stimulation threshold of ventricular myocardial cells?

<p>Class I B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs prolongs the QT interval by delaying ventricular repolarization?

<p>Class I A (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antidysrhythmic drugs widens the QRS complex by slowing depolarization of the ventricles?

<p>Class I A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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