52 Questions
What is the definition of physical activity?
Physical activity is any bodily movement produced by the skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure.
What is the definition of exercise?
Exercise is planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness.
What are the five major components of physical fitness?
The five major components of physical fitness are muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, and body composition.
What is the purpose of conducting evaluations of mass participation events?
To assess impact, including economic impact.
How many events take place each week worldwide?
Approximately 2000.
How many events take place each week in Australia?
Approximately 470.
What is the recommended approach for Member States to implement events?
Implement free, universally accessible, whole-of-community events that provide opportunities to be active in local public spaces.
What percentage of Americans are insufficiently active, according to accelerometer data?
90%
What is the prevalence of insufficient physical activity among Australian adults in 2017-18?
40%
According to the study by McEwan et al. (2022), what was the effect size of physical activity interventions from baseline to post-intervention?
0.46
What reductions in physical inactivity does the WHO plan target by 2025 and 2030, respectively?
10% and 15%
What are some potential negative effects of exercise addiction?
Some potential negative effects of exercise addiction include physical injuries, such as strains and sprains, negative impacts on interpersonal relationships, and the risk of developing anxiety and depression if a person becomes dependent on exercise to manage their well-being.
What is the essential reading for the labs?
The essential reading for the labs is the article titled 'Exercise addiction' by E. Landolfi, published in Sports Medicine.
Will there be a live lecture next week?
No, there will not be a live lecture next week. The recording will be available on Wattle.
What is the difference between anaerobic and aerobic exercise?
Anaerobic exercise involves short, intensive bursts of effort and does not require oxygen, while aerobic exercise requires a significant increase in oxygen usage over an extended period of time.
What are the physiological benefits of physical activity?
Physiological benefits of physical activity include reduced risk of non-communicable diseases such as heart/cardiovascular disease, stroke, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, and osteoporosis.
What are the COVID-19 protection findings related to physical activity?
Physical activity has been found to reduce the risk of hospitalization, admittance to ICU, and death in individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. Inactive people are at a higher risk compared to those who engage in some physical activity or meet physical activity guidelines.
What are the psychological benefits of physical activity?
Physical activity reduces anxiety and buffers against stress, allowing the body to better manage and process stress.
What are some cognitive benefits of physical activity?
Physical activity can increase cognitive functioning, including helping slow the progression of Alzheimer’s.
How does physical activity affect mood?
Physical activity can improve mood and feelings of pleasure.
What are some biological adaptations linked to lower levels of depression?
Physical activity has been linked to positive changes in brain anatomy (e.g., increased hippocampal volume) and markers of inflammation and oxidative stress (e.g., reduced interleukin-6 levels and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances serum levels).
What are the Australian Government guidelines for physical activity?
For adults aged 18-64, the guidelines recommend doing either 2.5+ hours of moderate intensity physical activity, 1.25+ hours of vigorous intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination of both, each week. Muscle-strengthening activities should be included on at least 2 days. For children aged 5-17, the guidelines recommend at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity that makes the heart beat faster each day, with muscle and bone strengthening activities on at least 3 days. Older adults aged 65+ should aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days, and should incorporate different types of activities during the week.
What were the findings of the study by Feng et al regarding physical activity and mortality?
Compared to physically inactive participants, both 'regularly active' participants and 'weekend warriors' were at reduced risk of all-cause mortality and mortality due to heart disease and cancer. 'Weekend warrior' participants, who completed 1-2 sessions per week, had similar mortality rates as 'regularly active' participants when the same amount of total moderate-vigorous physical activity was considered.
What time period of daily moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was associated with lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality?
Completing more than 50% of daily MVPA between approximately midday and afternoon (11:00-17:00) or at a mixture of times was associated with lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Completing more than 50% of daily MVPA during the morning (05:00-11:00) did not predict lower risks.
What are the four key objectives of the WHO Action Plan to increase physical activity?
The four key objectives of the WHO Action Plan are: 1) Create active societies, 2) Create active environments, 3) Create active people, and 4) Create active systems.
What is one proposed action under the objective of creating active societies according to the WHO Action Plan?
One proposed action under the objective of creating active societies is to implement regular mass participation initiatives in public spaces, engaging entire communities, to provide free access to enjoyable and affordable, socially and culturally-appropriate experiences of physical activity.
Which one of the following best defines physical activity?
Any bodily movement produced by the skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure
Which one of the following is a major component of physical fitness?
Muscular Endurance
Which one of the following types of exercise involves contracting a muscle or group of muscles against an immoveable object?
Isometric Exercise
Which type of exercise is better for building strength?
Anaerobic exercise
What is the primary source of energy for aerobic exercise?
Carbs, protein, fat, and oxygen
Which of the following diseases can be reduced by physical activity?
All of the above
What is the estimated number of fatal falls that occur globally each year?
684,000
According to accelerometer data, what percentage of Americans are insufficiently active?
More than 90%
What was the prevalence of insufficient physical activity among Australian adults in 2017-18?
Around 40%
What percentage of Indigenous Australian adults met physical activity guidelines, according to data collected in 2018/19?
Less than 10%
According to the WHO, what is the target reduction in physical inactivity by 2025?
10%
According to the text, what is the prevalence of exercise addiction in the general population?
0.3-0.5%
What is one of the causes of exercise addiction according to the text?
Social learning model
What is one of the consequences of exercise addiction mentioned in the text?
Physical injuries
What is one of the proposed actions for stakeholders according to the text?
Conduct evaluations of mass participation events
According to the Australian Government guidelines, how much moderate intensity physical activity should adults aged 18-64 do each week?
2.5+ hours
According to the Australian Government guidelines, how much moderate to vigorous physical activity that makes the heart beat faster should children aged 5-17 do each day?
60 minutes
According to the Australian Government guidelines, how much moderate intensity physical activity should older adults aged 65+ do on most, preferably all, days?
30 minutes
What percentage of Australian adults are insufficiently active, according to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare?
65%
Which of the following is a potential negative effect of exercise addiction?
Increased risk of injuries
What is the potential long-term effect of depending on exercise to manage well-being?
Increased risk of anxiety and depression
What is the essential reading for the labs?
Landolfi, E. (2013). Exercise addiction. Sports Medicine, 43(2), 111-119.
According to the study by Feng et al, which group of participants had similar all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates as 'regularly active' participants?
Participants who completed 1-2 sessions/wk
What time period of daily moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was associated with lower risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality?
11:00-17:00
What is one proposed action under the objective of creating active societies according to the WHO Action Plan?
Implement free, universally accessible, whole-of-community events that provide opportunities to be active in local public spaces
According to the WHO Action Plan, what are the four key objectives to increase physical activity?
Create active societies, create active environments, create active people, create active systems
Test your knowledge on evaluating the impact of mass participation events and the importance of partnerships between research and development agencies and academics. Learn about the global and Australian event landscape, and explore the benefits of implementing free, universally accessible events for the whole community.
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