Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the normal range for rectal temperature?
Which condition is a contraindication for taking a rectal temperature?
What part of the nervous system decreases heart rate?
In adults, what is the normal range for pulse rate?
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Which factor can stimulate the vagus nerve and cause heart rate slowing during rectal temperature measurement?
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What is the normal range for Tachycardia in terms of heart rate (HR)?
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Which of the following best describes the Pulse Amplitude Scale grading of +3?
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In pulse physiology, what does a weak and thready pulse quality indicate?
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When assessing pulse rhythm, what does it mean if the beats and pauses occur at unequal intervals?
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Which equipment is typically used for assessing the apical pulse?
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What is the purpose of assessing apical pulse over the apex of the heart?
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What does a pulse deficit (difference between apical and radial pulse rates) indicate?
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Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur between alveoli and circulating blood?
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What is the role of chemo receptors in respiratory control?
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Which statement accurately describes respiration as a vital sign?
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What is a reason for using the popliteal artery to assess blood pressure?
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Why might falsely high blood pressure assessments occur?
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What range is considered normal for oxygen saturation levels?
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect oxygen saturation?
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Why is pulse oximetry useful for monitoring patients?
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Study Notes
Vital Signs
- Normal range for rectal temperature is not specified (but generally 36.5°C - 37.5°C)
- Rectal temperature measurement is contraindicated in patients with rectal bleeding, bleeding disorders, or anal fissures
Heart Rate
- Normal range for pulse rate in adults is 60-100 beats per minute (bpm)
- The parasympathetic nervous system, specifically the vagus nerve, decreases heart rate
- Stimulating the vagus nerve during rectal temperature measurement can cause heart rate slowing
- Tachycardia is defined as a heart rate above 100 bpm
Pulse Assessment
- Pulse Amplitude Scale grading of +3 indicates a pulse that is very strong and full
- A weak and thready pulse quality indicates decreased peripheral circulation
- Unequal intervals between beats and pauses during pulse rhythm assessment indicate irregular rhythm
- The stethoscope is typically used for assessing apical pulse
- Apical pulse is assessed over the apex of the heart to detect cardiac irregularities and murmurs
- A pulse deficit (difference between apical and radial pulse rates) indicates a cardiac irregularity
Respiratory System
- Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange occurs between alveoli and circulating blood in the lungs
- Chemo receptors play a role in respiratory control by detecting changes in CO2 and O2 levels
Blood Pressure
- Respiration is a vital sign that can be affected by changes in blood pressure
- The popliteal artery is used for assessing blood pressure in certain situations (e.g., peripheral artery disease)
- Falsely high blood pressure assessments can occur due to incorrect cuff size or improper technique
Oxygen Saturation
- Normal range for oxygen saturation levels is 95-100%
- Factors that do not affect oxygen saturation include room temperature and humidity
- Pulse oximetry is useful for monitoring patients because it provides continuous, non-invasive oxygen saturation and heart rate monitoring.
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Description
Learn how to assess the difference between apical and radial pulse rates, and what a pulse deficit indicates. Practice locating the apex of the heart on the left chest and understanding the significance of checking the apical pulse in clinical settings.
