Bacterial diagnosis and control
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the gold standard for confirming bacterial presence?

  • Culture and sensitivity (correct)
  • Impression smears
  • Peritoneal tap
  • Gram stain

What is the recommended duration for culture to confirm bacterial presence?

  • 48 hours (correct)
  • 72 hours
  • 96 hours
  • 24 hours

When collecting a sample for culture, which body fluid is most commonly sampled for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

  • Urine (correct)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Peritoneal fluid
  • Blood

What is the purpose of an impression smear or swab?

<p>To culture the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In order to confirm a negative case of salmonella, how many samples need to be taken?

<p>3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of neutrophils in cytology indicate?

<p>A bacterial infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a Gram stain?

<p>To differentiate gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is prophylaxis with antimicrobials not required for surgery?

<p>For clean surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended duration of antimicrobial treatment for a wound exposing bone, tendon, or joint?

<p>5 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following clinical signs may indicate infection in a horse with a degloving injury?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential clinical signs of greasy pig disease?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended first approach for managing strep equi equi (strangles) in horses?

<p>Isolation and monitoring of contacts for clinical signs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is culture and sensitivity testing not always possible in clinical practice?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of culture and sensitivity testing in veterinary medicine?

<p>To determine the most appropriate antibiotic choice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is typically caused by Staphylococcus?

<p>Greasy pig disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should antibiotic treatment be used for foal sepsis or pleuropneumonia?

<p>Only in life-threatening situations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best approach for resolving disease caused by bacteria in horses?

<p>Culture and sensitivity testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential clinical signs of infection in a horse with a degloving injury?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential clinical signs of infection in a horse with a degloving injury?

<p>Pyrexia, depressed demeanour, purulent discharge, swollen area, lameness</p> Signup and view all the answers

Should antibiotics be used to treat a horse with a degloving injury? Explain your answer.

<p>Antibiotics should be used if there are clinical signs of infection, such as pyrexia, depressed demeanour, purulent discharge, and swollen area. However, the decision should be based on a thorough evaluation of the clinical situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for managing a horse presenting with purulent nasal discharge and open purulent wounds under the muzzle?

<p>The horse should be isolated and monitored for clinical signs of disease. Antibiotic treatment may not be necessary unless the horse is in a susceptible population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of bacterial control in a veterinary practice?

<p>The main goal of bacterial control is to limit movement on and off the premises and to isolate infected individuals. Strict biosecurity measures should be implemented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is culture and sensitivity testing not always possible in clinical practice?

<p>Culture and sensitivity testing may not be possible in clinical practice due to financial restrictions or when there is a life-threatening situation where waiting for the results would be too long. However, it is recommended to perform culture and sensitivity testing whenever possible to guide appropriate antimicrobial choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the recommended methods for confirming bacterial presence in veterinary medicine?

<p>The recommended methods for confirming bacterial presence in veterinary medicine are culture and sensitivity testing, impression smears, peritoneal tap, and sampling of purulent nasal discharge, diarrhea, or eye fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cytology in veterinary medicine?

<p>The purpose of cytology in veterinary medicine is to examine cell types present in body fluids. Invasion of neutrophils indicates a bacterial infection, and the presence of phagocytosing bacteria is a good indicator of bacterial infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Gram stain in bacterial identification?

<p>Gram stain is a differential staining method used to identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria based on their cell wall properties. It allows differentiation between the two types of bacteria by applying crystal violet and iodine stains, followed by decolorization and counterstaining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is prophylaxis with antimicrobials not required for surgery in veterinary medicine?

<p>Prophylaxis with antimicrobials is not required for clean surgeries, such as neutering. It may not always be needed for contaminated or high-risk surgeries, and the choice should be based on guidelines and risk assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach for managing equine wounds based on their contamination level?

<p>The recommended approach for managing equine wounds depends on their contamination level. Clean wounds only require lavage and debridement, while clean-contaminated wounds may not need antibiotics but still require lavage and debridement. Wounds exposing bone, tendon, or joint should be treated with antimicrobials until a healthy granulation tissue bed forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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