Bacterial diagnosis and control
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the gold standard for confirming bacterial presence?

  • Culture and sensitivity (correct)
  • Impression smears
  • Peritoneal tap
  • Gram stain
  • What is the recommended duration for culture to confirm bacterial presence?

  • 48 hours (correct)
  • 72 hours
  • 96 hours
  • 24 hours
  • When collecting a sample for culture, which body fluid is most commonly sampled for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

  • Urine (correct)
  • Cerebrospinal fluid
  • Peritoneal fluid
  • Blood
  • What is the purpose of an impression smear or swab?

    <p>To culture the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In order to confirm a negative case of salmonella, how many samples need to be taken?

    <p>3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the presence of neutrophils in cytology indicate?

    <p>A bacterial infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Gram stain?

    <p>To differentiate gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is prophylaxis with antimicrobials not required for surgery?

    <p>For clean surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of antimicrobial treatment for a wound exposing bone, tendon, or joint?

    <p>5 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following clinical signs may indicate infection in a horse with a degloving injury?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential clinical signs of greasy pig disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended first approach for managing strep equi equi (strangles) in horses?

    <p>Isolation and monitoring of contacts for clinical signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is culture and sensitivity testing not always possible in clinical practice?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of culture and sensitivity testing in veterinary medicine?

    <p>To determine the most appropriate antibiotic choice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is typically caused by Staphylococcus?

    <p>Greasy pig disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should antibiotic treatment be used for foal sepsis or pleuropneumonia?

    <p>Only in life-threatening situations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best approach for resolving disease caused by bacteria in horses?

    <p>Culture and sensitivity testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential clinical signs of infection in a horse with a degloving injury?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some potential clinical signs of infection in a horse with a degloving injury?

    <p>Pyrexia, depressed demeanour, purulent discharge, swollen area, lameness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Should antibiotics be used to treat a horse with a degloving injury? Explain your answer.

    <p>Antibiotics should be used if there are clinical signs of infection, such as pyrexia, depressed demeanour, purulent discharge, and swollen area. However, the decision should be based on a thorough evaluation of the clinical situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing a horse presenting with purulent nasal discharge and open purulent wounds under the muzzle?

    <p>The horse should be isolated and monitored for clinical signs of disease. Antibiotic treatment may not be necessary unless the horse is in a susceptible population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of bacterial control in a veterinary practice?

    <p>The main goal of bacterial control is to limit movement on and off the premises and to isolate infected individuals. Strict biosecurity measures should be implemented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is culture and sensitivity testing not always possible in clinical practice?

    <p>Culture and sensitivity testing may not be possible in clinical practice due to financial restrictions or when there is a life-threatening situation where waiting for the results would be too long. However, it is recommended to perform culture and sensitivity testing whenever possible to guide appropriate antimicrobial choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the recommended methods for confirming bacterial presence in veterinary medicine?

    <p>The recommended methods for confirming bacterial presence in veterinary medicine are culture and sensitivity testing, impression smears, peritoneal tap, and sampling of purulent nasal discharge, diarrhea, or eye fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytology in veterinary medicine?

    <p>The purpose of cytology in veterinary medicine is to examine cell types present in body fluids. Invasion of neutrophils indicates a bacterial infection, and the presence of phagocytosing bacteria is a good indicator of bacterial infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Gram stain in bacterial identification?

    <p>Gram stain is a differential staining method used to identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria based on their cell wall properties. It allows differentiation between the two types of bacteria by applying crystal violet and iodine stains, followed by decolorization and counterstaining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is prophylaxis with antimicrobials not required for surgery in veterinary medicine?

    <p>Prophylaxis with antimicrobials is not required for clean surgeries, such as neutering. It may not always be needed for contaminated or high-risk surgeries, and the choice should be based on guidelines and risk assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for managing equine wounds based on their contamination level?

    <p>The recommended approach for managing equine wounds depends on their contamination level. Clean wounds only require lavage and debridement, while clean-contaminated wounds may not need antibiotics but still require lavage and debridement. Wounds exposing bone, tendon, or joint should be treated with antimicrobials until a healthy granulation tissue bed forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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