Assembly Language Programming Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the final hexadecimal value in register AX after executing the loop 5 times?

  • 0033h
  • 5555h (correct)
  • 0011h
  • 0000h

    • The program continues to loop until AX is less than 5555h.

    False (B)

    What does the instruction 'MOV BX, 0' accomplish in this program?

    It initializes register BX to 0.

    The instruction 'PUSH AX' is used to store the value of AX on the _____ stack.

    <p>stack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following registers with their final values in hexadecimal:

    <p>AX = 5555h BX = 0005h SI = 000Ah SP = FFF5h</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during a far call in assembly language?

    <p>The segment address is pushed to the stack along with the code segment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Macros are called only once in the assembly code and can be reused multiple times.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of using macros in assembly programming?

    <p>Increased readability and reduced redundancy in the source code.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In assembly language, a procedure can be reused by calling it multiple times, whereas a _____ expands directly in the program's code.

    <p>macro</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the assembly instructions with their functions:

    <p>CALL = Invokes a procedure RET = Returns control from a procedure or macro MOV = Transfers data from one location to another ADD = Performs addition of values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction 'MOV AX, 1234h' do?

    <p>It transfers the value 1234h into the AX register. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A macro should be defined below the code that uses it.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a macro is called multiple times in a program?

    <p>The macro's code is duplicated in the program for each call.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'D' field indicate in a machine instruction?

    <p>Whether the register is a source or destination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The W field indicates whether the operand is 16 bits when W=1.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'R/M' field represent in a machine instruction?

    <p>Register/Memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The high byte of the immediate data cited in the instruction is referred to as _____

    <p>Data.Haut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fields with their meaning:

    <p>D = Indicates source or destination W = Indicates data width MOD = Addressing mode REG = Register identifier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operation code for the MOV instruction that transfers data from a register to a memory location?

    <p>1010 001W (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Data.Bas field corresponds to the high byte of the immediate data.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the MOV instruction, what does 'Acc' stand for?

    <p>Accumulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the operation MOV AL, 11100000b followed by SHL AL, 1?

    <p>11000000b (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The instruction AND AL, 11011111b will clear the bit in AL where the corresponding bit in 11011111b is 0.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instruction SUB do in assembly language?

    <p>Subtracts the source operand from the destination operand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an OR operation, the result is 1 when at least one of the operands is _____.

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What value does AL hold after the instruction MOV AL, 41h?

    <p>01000001b (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Shift Right (SHR) instruction shifts bits to the left.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Carry Flag (CF) represent in the shifting operations?

    <p>It indicates the bit that is shifted out of the register.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the assembly instruction with its description:

    <p>MOV = Transfer data from source to destination SHL = Shift bits to the left SHR = Shift bits to the right OR = Perform a logical OR operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the .code directive indicate in an assembly program?

    <p>Defines the section containing program instructions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The MOV instruction is used to move data from one variable to another in an assembly program.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assembly directive is used to declare a variable that can hold a single byte?

    <p>DB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an assembly program, the ______ segment is where all variables are declared.

    <p>data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using the ? symbol in variable declaration?

    <p>To indicate that the value is currently unknown (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following assembly terms with their definitions:

    <p>DB = Define byte DW = Define word ORG = Origin directive RET = Return from subroutine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Before using variables in the code segment, you must move the address of the data segment to the ______ register.

    <p>DS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the RET instruction do in an assembly program?

    <p>Returns control to the calling procedure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Auxiliary Flag (AF) indicate?

    <p>Carry on the 3rd bit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Sign Flag (SF) is set to 1 if the least significant bit (LSB) of the result is 1.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Direction Flag (DF) in addressing modes?

    <p>It determines whether SI and DI registers will be incremented or decremented during operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In immediate addressing mode, the operand appears in the instruction itself, such as in the example MOV AX, ___ .

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the addressing mode with its description:

    <p>Register addressing = Uses CPU internal registers Immediate addressing = Operand is a value in the instruction Direct addressing = Operand is a memory address Register Indirect addressing = Data accessed through a base register</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instruction would set IF to 0, ignoring interruptions?

    <p>CLI (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The value of the Trap Flag (TF) is set to 1 to allow block execution.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command is used to modify the Trap Flag (TF) to 1?

    <p>OR AX, 0000000100000000b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In direct addressing mode, the operand contains the __________ of the data in memory.

    <p>address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which register is NOT included in the CPU registers mentioned?

    <p>RX (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Haut

    The high byte of the displacement used in the addressing mode for the memory operand. It indicates the memory location's higher portion.

    Data.Bas

    The low byte of the immediate data used in the instruction. It defines the lower portion of the data value used in the instruction.

    Data.Haut

    The high byte of the immediate data used in the instruction. It defines the higher portion of the data value used in the instruction.

    Op.Code

    A field in the machine language instruction that specifies the operation code. It identifies the specific operation being performed by the instruction.

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    D (Destination)

    A field in the machine language instruction that indicates whether the register is used as a source or a destination for the operation. D=0 means the register is a source, D=1 means the register is a destination.

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    W (Width)

    A field in the machine language instruction that specifies the operand's size. W=0 means 8 bits, W=1 means 16 bits.

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    MOD, R/M

    A pair of fields in the machine language instruction that define the addressing mode for the memory operand. MOD specifies the addressing mode, while R/M specifies the register or memory location.

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    D, REG

    A pair of fields in the machine language instruction that work together to define the register used in the operation. [D, REG] specifies the register and its role as a source or destination.

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    Sign Flag (SF)

    A flag in the PSW register that indicates whether the most significant bit (MSB) of the result is 1 (negative) or 0 (positive).

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    Carry Flag (CF)

    A flag in the PSW register that indicates whether a carry occurred during the previous arithmetic operation.

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    Zero Flag (ZF)

    A flag in the PSW register that indicates whether the result of the last operation is equal to zero.

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    Direction Flag (DF)

    A flag in the PSW register that controls the direction of string operations. If DF is set to 0, the string instructions increment SI and DI; if DF is set to 1, the string instructions decrement SI and DI.

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    Interrupt Flag (IF)

    A flag in the PSW register that enables or disables interrupts. If IF is set to 0, interrupts are ignored; if IF is set to 1, interrupts are allowed.

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    Trap Flag (TF)

    A flag in the PSW register that enables or disables single-stepping mode. If TF is set to 0, the CPU executes instructions normally; if TF is set to 1, the CPU executes one instruction at a time and then halts, allowing the programmer to examine the state of the system.

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    Auxiliary Flag (AF)

    A flag in the PSW register that indicates whether a carry occurred during the addition of low-order bits in the previous arithmetic operation, typically during BCD (binary-coded decimal) operations.

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    Parity Flag (PF)

    A flag in the PSW register that indicates whether the parity of the result of the previous operation is odd.

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    Immediate Addressing

    A mode of addressing where the operand is directly specified within the instruction itself.

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    Register Indirect Addressing

    A mode of addressing where the operand is accessed using the contents of a register as a pointer to the memory location.

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    SHL (Shift Left)

    Shifts all bits of a register (operand1) one position to the left, the bit that goes off is set to the Carry Flag (CF). A '0' bit is inserted at the rightmost position.

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    SHR (Shift Right)

    Shifts all bits of a register (operand1) one position to the right, the bit that goes off is set to the Carry Flag (CF). A '0' bit is inserted at the leftmost position.

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    OR (Logical OR)

    Performs a logical OR operation between all bits of two operands. The result is stored in the first operand. In the OR operation, if at least one of the bits in the two operand positions is a 1, then the resulting bit in the first operand is a 1, otherwise it is a 0.

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    AND (Logical AND)

    Performs a logical AND operation between all bits of two operands. The result is stored in the first operand. In the AND operation, if both bits in the two operand positions are 1, then the resulting bit in the first operand is a 1, otherwise it is a 0.

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    ADD (Addition)

    Adds the data of the destination and source operand. The result is stored in the destination. Both operands must be of the same type (words or bytes) to avoid errors.

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    SUB (Subtraction)

    Subtracts the source operand from the destination operand. The result is stored in the destination. Both operands must be of the same type (words or bytes) to avoid errors.

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    String

    A variable that stores a sequence of characters. It is typically declared using the DB directive and enclosed in single quotes.

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    Variable

    A memory location used to store data values.

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    Data Segment

    A section of code that specifies data declarations. All variables are declared within this section.

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    DB (Define Byte)

    The DB directive allocates 1 byte of memory for storing data. It is typically used to declare variables of type byte.

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    DW (Define Word)

    The DW directive allocates 2 bytes of memory for storing data. It is typically used to declare variables of type word.

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    Unknown Value (using '?')

    The ? symbol is used in the DB directive to indicate an unknown or undefined value for a variable.

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    MOV Instruction

    The MOV instruction is used to copy data from one memory location to another. It allows data to be transferred between registers and memory locations.

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    DS Register

    The DS (Data Segment) register holds the starting address of the data segment. It is used to access variables in the data segment.

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    LOOPNE (Loop if Not Equal)

    The instruction LOOPNE TAG will continue looping as long as the AX register does not equal the comparison value, which is 5555h in this case.

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    Pointer (BX Register)

    The BX register is a pointer that iterates through the memory addresses stored in V. The value at each address is then loaded into the AX register.

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    Array V

    The V array contains six hexadecimal values (0011h, 0022h, 0033h, 0044h, 5555h, 0066h) stored in memory.

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    Source Index Register (SI)

    The SI (source index) register is used for addressing memory locations. As the loop executes, the SI register is incremented by 2 to point to the next memory location.

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    Copying Data to Memory

    The MOV DS:[SI], AX instruction copies the value from the AX register into the memory location pointed to by the SI register.

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    Procedures in assembly

    Procedures are blocks of code that can be executed when called using the CALL instruction. They allow for code reuse and organized program structure.

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    Macros in assembly

    Macros are a way to define a name for a sequence of instructions in assembly. They are expanded directly into the code when used, unlike procedures.

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    CALL instruction

    A CALL instruction transfers control to a procedure, pushing the return address onto the stack. The procedure can then execute its instructions and return using a RET instruction.

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    RET instruction

    A RET instruction returns control to the instruction following the CALL that invoked the procedure. It pops the return address from the stack and jumps to the specified location.

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    Far call

    A far call is a CALL instruction that targets a procedure in a different segment of memory, requiring both segment and offset information to reach the target address.

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    Near call

    A near call is a CALL instruction that targets a procedure within the same segment of memory, only requiring the offset to reach the target address.

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    ENDP directive

    The ENDP directive marks the end of a procedure definition. It specifies that the following code is not part of the procedure.

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    PROC directive

    The PROC directive is used at the beginning of a procedure definition to declare the name and type of the procedure. This tells the assembler that the following code is a procedure.

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    Study Notes

    Computer Architecture 2 - Part 3 & 4: Microprocessor Language

    • This course document covers computer architecture, specifically microprocessor language, for parts 3 and 4.
    • The outline includes topics like introduction to assembler language, machine language, and high-level languages; addressing modes; common instructions; program structure; practical exercises; and summary/conclusions.
    • Assembly language is a programming language that translates instruction text into task codes understandable by microprocessors.
    • Different types of microprocessor languages exist, and each are tailored for the corresponding processors.
    • Examples include: Motorola 6800 language for the 6800 microprocessor, and the 8086 language for the 8086 microprocessor.
    • Simulators and editors assist in writing and developing assembly programs for various microprocessors.
    • Assembly language is a low-level language, closer to machine language (binary code) than high-level languages.
    • The course documents describe how assembly language code is translated into machine code by a compiler/assembler.
    • Machine instructions are unique binary sequences for each particular instruction, and not easily understood by humans.
    • Machine language instructions have specific formats and fields (OpCode + addressing mode).
    • The provided slides enumerate several addressing modes, covering concepts like register addressing, immediate addressing, direct addressing, register indirect addressing (based), and others.
    • The document also presents common assembly language instructions including MOV, ADD, SUB, and LOGICAL operations.
    • CPU registers, including general-purpose and special-purpose registers, and their usage are explored.
    • The use of the FLAGS register (PSW register) and its various status bits (like Carry, Zero, Overflow, Parity flags etc) is explained.
    • The document explains the execution unit (EU) and bus interface unit (BIU) of the microprocessor.
    • The different types and specific uses of assembly instructions like PUSH, POP, LOOP, LOOPNE and more are outlined.
    • The structure of a program (the various sections such as .data and .code sections) for storing variables and instructions respectively are detailed.
    • The slides also cover important topics such as common assembly language programming mistakes, techniques, and best practices.
    • The materials present examples related to memory, interrupts, and other specific functionalities.

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    Computer Architecture 2 PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on assembly language programming concepts, including register values, loops, and macros. This quiz covers various instructions and their purposes, as well as the benefits of using macros in assembly programming. Perfect for students learning about low-level programming techniques.

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