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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a register in a CPU?
What is the primary function of a register in a CPU?
What does the operation code in a machine instruction identify?
What does the operation code in a machine instruction identify?
What is the purpose of a mnemonic in assembly language?
What is the purpose of a mnemonic in assembly language?
How many operands can an instruction contain?
How many operands can an instruction contain?
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What is the advantage of using assembly language over machine language?
What is the advantage of using assembly language over machine language?
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What is the format of an assembly language statement?
What is the format of an assembly language statement?
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What is the purpose of an assembler in the context of assembly language?
What is the purpose of an assembler in the context of assembly language?
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What is the primary advantage of using assembly language over high-level languages?
What is the primary advantage of using assembly language over high-level languages?
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What is the primary purpose of data definition directives in assembly language?
What is the primary purpose of data definition directives in assembly language?
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Which of the following instructions is an example of direct addressing mode?
Which of the following instructions is an example of direct addressing mode?
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What is the instruction set of a CPU?
What is the instruction set of a CPU?
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What is the significance of the AL register in the example machine instruction 00000100?
What is the significance of the AL register in the example machine instruction 00000100?
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What is the main difference between direct and indirect addressing modes?
What is the main difference between direct and indirect addressing modes?
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What is the attribute of a variable defined using the DW directive?
What is the attribute of a variable defined using the DW directive?
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What is the primary purpose of assembly language in the context of computer systems?
What is the primary purpose of assembly language in the context of computer systems?
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What is the purpose of the MOV DX, [1234h] instruction?
What is the purpose of the MOV DX, [1234h] instruction?
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What is the role of the CPU in executing machine instructions?
What is the role of the CPU in executing machine instructions?
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What determines the instruction set of a CPU?
What determines the instruction set of a CPU?
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What is the size of the attribute defined using the DQ directive?
What is the size of the attribute defined using the DQ directive?
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What is the significance of assembly language in understanding computer systems?
What is the significance of assembly language in understanding computer systems?
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What is the purpose of the DB directive in assembly language?
What is the purpose of the DB directive in assembly language?
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Which register is used in the indirect addressing mode instruction MOV AL, [BX]?
Which register is used in the indirect addressing mode instruction MOV AL, [BX]?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Assembly Language
- Assembly Language (AL) is a specific set of instructions for a particular computer system.
- AL teaches you about the way the computer's hardware and OS work together and how application programs communicate with the OS.
- AL is a programming language with a one-to-one correspondence between its statements and a computer's main machine language.
Assembly Language and Assembler
- An Assembler is a program that translates a program written in assembly language into machine language, which may be executed by the computer.
- The Assembler runs under the disk operating systems MS-DOS or PC-DOS.
Machine Instructions
- A machine instruction is a binary code that has a special meaning for a computer's CPU, telling the CPU to perform a task.
- Each machine instruction is precisely defined when the CPU is constructed and is specified to that type of CPU.
Assembly Language Instructions
- Assembly Language is a low-level language because it is close to machine language in structure and function.
- Each assembly language instruction corresponds to one machine instruction.
- A typical 2-byte IBM-PC machine instruction consists of an operation code and an operand.
- Registers are high-speed storage locations inside the CPU used by nearly every instruction.
Assembly Language Statement
- An assembly language statement consists of [name], [mnemonic], [operands], and [;comment].
- Mnemonic is a short alphabetic code that assists the memory in remembering a CPU instruction.
- Operand is an instruction that may contain zero, one, or two operands.
Memory Addressing Mode
- There are two types of memory addressing modes: direct and indirect.
- Direct Addressing Mode: the effective address is given in the instruction itself, and the transfer is between a register and a memory address.
- Indirect Addressing Mode: the name of the base register or the name of the index register is specified in the instruction, and the transfer is between a register and a memory address specified in one or two registers.
Data Definition Directives
- Data definition directives create storage at assembly time and can even initialize a variable to a starting value.
- Examples of data definition directives include DB (define byte), DW (define word), DD (define doubleword), DQ (define quadword), and DT (define 10 bytes).
- The attribute of a data definition directive is the basic unit of storage used when the variable was defined.
Data Definition Directives (Examples)
- The DB directive creates an 8-bit variable and initializes it to a starting value.
- Example:
char db 'A'
creates an 8-bit variable calledchar
and initializes it to 41h (ASCII code for the letter A).
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Description
This quiz covers the basics of assembly language, including its elements and addressing modes, as well as how it interacts with computer hardware and the operating system.