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Assembly Language in Intel 8086 Architecture
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Assembly Language in Intel 8086 Architecture

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a register in a CPU?

  • To perform arithmetic and logical operations
  • To control the flow of program execution
  • To store data temporarily while executing instructions (correct)
  • To provide a direct interface to the external memory
  • What does the operation code in a machine instruction identify?

  • The memory location to be accessed
  • The type of operation being performed (correct)
  • The destination register for the operation
  • The source operand for the operation
  • What is the purpose of a mnemonic in assembly language?

  • To assist the memory in remembering a CPU instruction (correct)
  • To indicate the start of a program
  • To define the format of a data item
  • To specify the memory location for data storage
  • How many operands can an instruction contain?

    <p>Zero, one, or two operands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using assembly language over machine language?

    <p>Assembly language makes programming easier than machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the format of an assembly language statement?

    <p>[name] [mnemonic] [operands] [;comment]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an assembler in the context of assembly language?

    <p>To translate assembly language into machine language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using assembly language over high-level languages?

    <p>Faster execution and more direct access to hardware features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of data definition directives in assembly language?

    <p>To create storage at assembly time and initialize variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following instructions is an example of direct addressing mode?

    <p>MOV [2000h], AX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the instruction set of a CPU?

    <p>A set of machine language instructions specific to a CPU</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the AL register in the example machine instruction 00000100?

    <p>It is the destination register for the addition operation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between direct and indirect addressing modes?

    <p>The way the effective address is specified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the attribute of a variable defined using the DW directive?

    <p>Word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of assembly language in the context of computer systems?

    <p>To enable direct access to hardware features and understand the operations of the PC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the MOV DX, [1234h] instruction?

    <p>To move the contents of the memory location 1234h to the DX register</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the CPU in executing machine instructions?

    <p>It executes machine instructions according to their defined meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the instruction set of a CPU?

    <p>The type of CPU manufactured</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the size of the attribute defined using the DQ directive?

    <p>8 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of assembly language in understanding computer systems?

    <p>It enables understanding of the way the computer's hardware and OS work together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the DB directive in assembly language?

    <p>To create storage for a byte or group of bytes and optionally assign starting values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which register is used in the indirect addressing mode instruction MOV AL, [BX]?

    <p>BX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Assembly Language

    • Assembly Language (AL) is a specific set of instructions for a particular computer system.
    • AL teaches you about the way the computer's hardware and OS work together and how application programs communicate with the OS.
    • AL is a programming language with a one-to-one correspondence between its statements and a computer's main machine language.

    Assembly Language and Assembler

    • An Assembler is a program that translates a program written in assembly language into machine language, which may be executed by the computer.
    • The Assembler runs under the disk operating systems MS-DOS or PC-DOS.

    Machine Instructions

    • A machine instruction is a binary code that has a special meaning for a computer's CPU, telling the CPU to perform a task.
    • Each machine instruction is precisely defined when the CPU is constructed and is specified to that type of CPU.

    Assembly Language Instructions

    • Assembly Language is a low-level language because it is close to machine language in structure and function.
    • Each assembly language instruction corresponds to one machine instruction.
    • A typical 2-byte IBM-PC machine instruction consists of an operation code and an operand.
    • Registers are high-speed storage locations inside the CPU used by nearly every instruction.

    Assembly Language Statement

    • An assembly language statement consists of [name], [mnemonic], [operands], and [;comment].
    • Mnemonic is a short alphabetic code that assists the memory in remembering a CPU instruction.
    • Operand is an instruction that may contain zero, one, or two operands.

    Memory Addressing Mode

    • There are two types of memory addressing modes: direct and indirect.
    • Direct Addressing Mode: the effective address is given in the instruction itself, and the transfer is between a register and a memory address.
    • Indirect Addressing Mode: the name of the base register or the name of the index register is specified in the instruction, and the transfer is between a register and a memory address specified in one or two registers.

    Data Definition Directives

    • Data definition directives create storage at assembly time and can even initialize a variable to a starting value.
    • Examples of data definition directives include DB (define byte), DW (define word), DD (define doubleword), DQ (define quadword), and DT (define 10 bytes).
    • The attribute of a data definition directive is the basic unit of storage used when the variable was defined.

    Data Definition Directives (Examples)

    • The DB directive creates an 8-bit variable and initializes it to a starting value.
    • Example: char db 'A' creates an 8-bit variable called char and initializes it to 41h (ASCII code for the letter A).

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of assembly language, including its elements and addressing modes, as well as how it interacts with computer hardware and the operating system.

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