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Questions and Answers
What is the main criterion for dividing conditional jump instructions into groups?
What is the main criterion for dividing conditional jump instructions into groups?
What is the purpose of the CMP instruction?
What is the purpose of the CMP instruction?
What is the notation used to refer to the left and right operands in a CMP instruction?
What is the notation used to refer to the left and right operands in a CMP instruction?
What type of jumps are based on equality between operands or the value of (E)CX?
What type of jumps are based on equality between operands or the value of (E)CX?
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What instruction is used to jump if the value of CX/ECX register is zero?
What instruction is used to jump if the value of CX/ECX register is zero?
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What is the purpose of the JNE instruction?
What is the purpose of the JNE instruction?
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What type of comparisons are shown in the Signed Comparisons table?
What type of comparisons are shown in the Signed Comparisons table?
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How many groups can conditional jump instructions be divided into?
How many groups can conditional jump instructions be divided into?
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What is the purpose of the RET instruction in a procedure?
What is the purpose of the RET instruction in a procedure?
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What is the purpose of the CALL instruction in a procedure?
What is the purpose of the CALL instruction in a procedure?
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What is the syntax to define a procedure?
What is the syntax to define a procedure?
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What is the purpose of the PUSH instruction in stack operations?
What is the purpose of the PUSH instruction in stack operations?
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What is the purpose of the POP instruction in stack operations?
What is the purpose of the POP instruction in stack operations?
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What is the data structure used in the memory to store and retrieve data?
What is the data structure used in the memory to store and retrieve data?
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What is the order of data retrieval in a stack?
What is the order of data retrieval in a stack?
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What registers are used for implementing the stack?
What registers are used for implementing the stack?
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What is the primary characteristic of ROM?
What is the primary characteristic of ROM?
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What type of memory is flash memory also known as?
What type of memory is flash memory also known as?
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What happens to the data in SRAM when power is disconnected?
What happens to the data in SRAM when power is disconnected?
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Why does DRAM need to be refreshed?
Why does DRAM need to be refreshed?
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What is the primary use of flash memory?
What is the primary use of flash memory?
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What is the main difference between SRAM and DRAM?
What is the main difference between SRAM and DRAM?
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What type of memory is used when the size of the read/write memory is relatively small?
What type of memory is used when the size of the read/write memory is relatively small?
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What is the common characteristic among ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM?
What is the common characteristic among ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM?
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What is the primary function of the Numeric Execution Unit (NEU) in the 8087 coprocessor?
What is the primary function of the Numeric Execution Unit (NEU) in the 8087 coprocessor?
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How many registers are in the stack of the Numeric Execution Unit (NEU)?
How many registers are in the stack of the Numeric Execution Unit (NEU)?
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What is the purpose of the Status Register in the 8087 coprocessor?
What is the purpose of the Status Register in the 8087 coprocessor?
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How is the Status Register accessed in the 8087 coprocessor?
How is the Status Register accessed in the 8087 coprocessor?
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What is the purpose of the 'Busy' bit in the Status Register of the 8087 coprocessor?
What is the purpose of the 'Busy' bit in the Status Register of the 8087 coprocessor?
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What are the two ways to test the bits of the Status Register in the 8087 coprocessor?
What are the two ways to test the bits of the Status Register in the 8087 coprocessor?
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What is the size of the Status Register in the 8087 coprocessor?
What is the size of the Status Register in the 8087 coprocessor?
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How is the Status Register copied into the microprocessor's AX register?
How is the Status Register copied into the microprocessor's AX register?
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What is the purpose of address inputs in a memory device?
What is the purpose of address inputs in a memory device?
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How many address pins are required to select any of the 1024 memory locations in a 1K memory device?
How many address pins are required to select any of the 1024 memory locations in a 1K memory device?
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What is the purpose of data connections in a memory device?
What is the purpose of data connections in a memory device?
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How many data pins are required for an 8-bit wide memory device?
How many data pins are required for an 8-bit wide memory device?
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What determines the number of address pins on a memory device?
What determines the number of address pins on a memory device?
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What is the purpose of control inputs in a memory device?
What is the purpose of control inputs in a memory device?
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How many address connections are required for a 2K memory device?
How many address connections are required for a 2K memory device?
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What is the purpose of selection inputs in a memory device?
What is the purpose of selection inputs in a memory device?
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Study Notes
Architecture of 8087
- The Numeric Execution Unit (NEU) executes coprocessor instructions and has an 8-register stack that holds operands and results.
- The stack contains 8 registers that are 80-bits wide.
- Numeric data is transferred inside the coprocessor in two parts: 64-bit mantissa bus and 16-bit exponent bus.
- Other registers in the NEU include status, control, tag, and exception pointers.
Status Register
- The Status Register is a 16-bit register that tells the overall status of the 8087 coprocessor.
- It is accessed by executing the FSTSW instruction, which stores the contents of the status register into a word of memory.
- The FSTSW AX instruction copies the status register directly into the microprocessor's AX register.
- The status register can be examined by testing the bit positions.
Types of Conditional Jump Instructions
- The x86 instruction set has a large number of conditional jump instructions that compare signed and unsigned integers and perform actions based on the values of individual CPU flags.
- Conditional jump instructions can be divided into four groups:
- Jumps based on specific flag values
- Jumps based on equality between operands or the value of (E)CX
- Jumps based on comparisons of unsigned operands
- Jumps based on comparisons of signed operands
Procedure and Functions
- Procedures or subroutines are identified by a name and perform a well-defined job.
- The procedure is called from another function by using the CALL instruction.
- The called procedure returns control to the calling procedure by using the RET instruction.
Stacks Data Structure
- A stack is an array-like data structure in memory where data can be stored and removed from the top of the stack.
- Data is pushed onto the stack and popped out of the stack.
- Stacks are Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) data structures.
- Assembly language provides two instructions for stack operations: PUSH and POP.
Memory Devices
- ROM (Read Only Memory) permanently stores programs and data that are resident to the system and does not change even when power supply is disconnected.
- Flash memory is a type of Read-Mostly Memory (RMM) that is electrically erasable.
- Static RAM (SRAM) devices retain data for as long as DC power is applied and are volatile.
- Dynamic RAM (DRAM) is essentially the same as SRAM, except that it retains data for only 2 or 4 ms on an integrated capacitor and requires refreshing.
Memory Pin Connections
- Pin connections common to all memory devices include address inputs, data outputs (or input/outputs), some type of selection input, and at least one control input used to select a read/write operation.
- Address inputs are labeled from A0 to AN, where 'N' can be any value (one less than the total number of address pins).
- The number of address pins found on a memory device determines the number of memory locations found within it.
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Description
This quiz tests your understanding of procedures and functions in assembly language, including their importance and identification.