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Which anthropological perspective states that new cultural forms emerge from the past and pass through similar stages of development?
Which anthropological perspective asserts that culture originates from one or more culture centers as a result of borrowed cultural elements?
Which anthropological perspective believes that each group of people has its own unique culture influenced by its history, geography, and environment?
Which anthropological perspective believes that cultural elements and practices are interrelated and interdependent, and persist because they serve a purpose?
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Which anthropological perspective conveys that cultural phenomena and practices have a relationship to one another by which humans organize and structure their experiences?
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Which example illustrates the perspective of Cultural Materialism?
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What is the anthropological perspective on society?
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What is the sociological perspective on society according to the text?
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What are the two notions of culture according to Zulueta (2006)?
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How does the text define culture from an anthropological perspective?
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What is the sociological perspective on culture according to the text?
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What is the key difference between the anthropological and sociological perspectives on society and culture according to the text?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an aspect of culture according to the text?
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Which of the following is an example of an artifact, as described in the text?
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Which of the following is an aspect of culture that involves the morals that people live by?
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What is the primary idea behind cultural relativism as described in the text?
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Which of the following is NOT listed as an aspect of culture in the text?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of aspects of culture?
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Study Notes
Sociological and Anthropological Perspectives on Society
- Society is defined as a population that occupies the same territory, subject to the same political authority, and participates in a common culture.
- Anthropologists view society as a group of people sharing a common culture within a territory.
- Sociologists view society as an association organized by men with a territory.
Definition of Culture
- Culture has two notions: individual taste, inclination, and interest in the fine arts, and being civilized.
- Culture is a complex whole that encompasses beliefs, practices, values, attitudes, laws, norms, artifacts, symbols, knowledge, and everything that a person learns and shares as a member of society.
- Anthropological perspective views culture as a unique character of every human society, including how we think, act, and what we own.
- Sociological perspective views culture as the imprint made by people.
Anthropological Perspectives on Culture
- Unilineal Evolutionism states that new cultural forms emerge from the past, passing through similar stages of development (e.g., from Animism to Monotheism).
- Cultural Diffusionism asserts that culture originates from one or more culture centers, resulting from borrowed elements of the new culture (e.g., Filipino culture influenced by Western civilization).
- Historical Particularism believes that each group of people has its own unique culture influenced by its history, geography, and environment (e.g., Filipino people influenced by superstitious beliefs).
- Anthropological Functionalism believes that cultural elements and practices are interrelated and interdependent, persisting because they have a purpose (e.g., Filipinos' actions influenced by their religion).
- Anthropological Structuralism conveys that cultural phenomena and practices have a relationship to one another, by which human organize and structure their experiences (e.g., Father and Son; Husband and Wife).
- Cultural Materialism considers the idea that culture is influenced by technology, resources, economic values, and the utilization of things (e.g., pork prohibited in the Muslim diet).
Aspects of Culture
- Aspects of culture are defined as parts or features of culture, characterized as dynamic, flexible, and adaptive; shared and contested through time; learned through socialization or enculturation; patterned social interactions; and integrated and at times unstable.
- Examples of aspects of culture include:
- Artifacts – Objects made by human beings, either hand-made or mass produced.
- Arts and Recreation – Arts, Music, Drama, and Literatures, Games and Sports, and Use of Leisure Time.
- Clothes – The people usually wear in the community.
- Customs and Traditions – The things we do.
- Food – The staple food that the people in the community often eat.
- Government – The one that implements rules, keeps peace and order, and addresses conflicts in the community.
- Knowledge – The psychological result of perception, learning, and reasoning.
- Language – The mental faculty or power of vocal communication.
- Religion – A strong belief in a supernatural power that controls human destiny.
- Shelter – A structure that provides privacy and protection from danger.
- Tools – Objects used to improve the performance of a task.
- Values – The morals that we live by.
Orientations in Viewing Other Cultures
- Cultural relativism views culture as having meaning only when taken into context, meaning it is wrong to compare, apply, and/or judge one's own culture from another culture.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the different aspects of culture, including artifacts, arts, recreation, and clothing. Explore how culture is dynamic, shared, learned, and integrated in society.
