37 Questions
What has been significantly associated with cognitive control deficits, attentional problems, and abnormalities in decision-making?
Antisocial symptoms
Which of the following is NOT listed as an aspect of flexible responding associated with antisocial symptoms?
Attentional problems
What confounds many of the samples mentioned in the text, alongside antisocial symptoms?
Substance use disorders
What terminology confusion might be a possible confound resulting in inconsistent results according to the text?
Psychopathic personalities
Which of the following is NOT an area affected by abnormalities mentioned in the text?
Parietal lobe
What may impair the detection of distress cues in others, removing inhibition against violence?
Reduced gray matter volume
In individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD), research suggests they fail to ignore emotional material during what cognitive process?
Inhibitory control
Which brain area is implicated in understanding other people’s emotions and intentions and is activated when thinking about moral behavior?
Temporal poles
What implication do neurocognitive findings suggest regarding the risk of violent behavior?
Poor cognition could enhance the risk
What distinguishes violent psychopathy from other violent offenders with ASPD based on MRI findings?
Decreased grey matter in anterior rostral prefrontal cortex and temporal poles
What brain abnormality is linked to lack of empathy in individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD)?
Decreased activation of the right anterior insula
Which brain area associated with self-evaluation shows decreased activation during an empathy task in individuals with higher narcissism scores?
Right anterior insula
In individuals with Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), what is a common finding in terms of the relationship between brain regions?
Reduced connectivity between the insular cortex and prefrontal cortex
Which cognitive function is typically impaired in individuals with narcissistic characteristics?
Working memory
What distinguishes malignant narcissists from psychopaths in terms of their behavior towards others?
Malignant narcissists harm others but may show regret, while psychopaths enjoy harming others without remorse
What type of individuals with antisocial behaviour tend to exhibit right orbitofrontal and limbic system deficits?
Impulsive or reactive individuals
Which type of psychopathy is associated with left hemispheric dysfunction and lower levels of arousal?
Predatory psychopathy
Individuals with pseudopsychopathy often exhibit symptoms like jocular attitude, disinhibition, extreme self-indulgence, and poor judgement due to damage to which brain area?
Orbitomedial cortex
What is the key difference between ASPD and psychopathy according to the text?
ASPD is a diagnosis of behaviors while psychopathy is a diagnosis of personality
Which factor on the PCL-R scale does ASPD tend to align with?
Lifestyle/Antisocial factor
Which cognitive function shows a statistically significant relation with antisocial behavior, especially in groups characterized by severe and persistent behavioral problems?
Executive Functions
Individuals with ASPD are more likely to identify which emotion in ambiguous facial stimuli, suggesting a hostile attribution bias?
Anger
What is the approximate difference in intelligence test scores between antisocial groups and non-antisocial groups?
8 points lower for antisocial groups
Which brain region is suggested to process facial information differently in individuals with ASPD?
Amygdala
What is suggested as a possible consequence of Facial Affect Recognition difficulties in individuals with ASPD?
Impaired understanding of social situations and others' intentions
What aspect of emotional processing did high lethality BPD patients struggle with according to Williams et al. (2015)?
Distinguishing subtle differences in sadness intensities
Which brain area is mentioned to have reduced volume and be overactive even in neutral/negative line states in BPD?
Amygdala
What cognitive disruption is likely to result from prolonged and intense emotional experiences in BPD patients?
Memory deficits
Which brain region is associated with increased impulsivity and fronto-limbic dysregulation in BPD?
Orbitofrontal cortex
What is the characteristic failure of brain circuitry that may underlie emotion dysregulation, identity disturbance, and dissociation in BPD?
Frontal system modulation of limbic activity failure
Which cluster of personality disorders includes individuals who appear odd or eccentric?
Cluster A
What is one of the brain regions affected by abnormalities in individuals with personality disorders?
Frontal lobe
Which personality disorder is associated with individuals who appear anxious or fearful?
Avoidant Personality Disorder
What does the text suggest about the number of personality disorders in DSM-5 compared to DSM-IV-TR?
Reduced from 10 to 6
Which model was introduced for further study due to disagreements and lack of research in incorporating changes into DSM-5?
Alternative model
What makes the assessment and treatment of personality disorders more challenging according to the text?
Overlap with other disorders
Which brain area is commonly impacted by neurodevelopmental abnormalities in individuals with personality disorders?
Frontal lobe
Test your knowledge on research findings related to individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy, specifically regarding impairments in detecting distress cues and inhibitory control when processing emotional material.
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