Asexual Plant Propagation Techniques

Study Notes

Cutting is the simplest way to multiply ornamental landscape plants. Siniguelas fruit trees can be planted using this method.
Marcotting is an asexual method where a part of the stem is rooted while still attached to the parent plant. Examples include Rambutan, Lanzones, and Santol.
Grafting is the process of joining a bud or scion from one plant to a stem, root, or branch of another plant. This creates a union of two plants that will continue to grow. The root section is called the stock, and the added portion is the scion. Examples of grafted trees include Mango, Guava, Santol, Chico, Rambutan, Makopa, Durian, and Lanzones.
Budding is a method of joining one bud and a small piece of bark from the scion with a rootstock. Citrus family trees like Pomelo, Calamansi, and Dalandan are often propagated this way.

Fruit Orchards are farms where trees are planted for fruit production. Examples of fruit trees grown in orchards include: Lanzones, Mango, Santol, Marang, Avocado, Chico, Mangosteen, Rambutan, Guyabano, Jackfruit, and Durian.
Nut Orchards are dedicated to the production of nuts. Examples include Coconut, Pili Nuts, and Cashew Nuts.
Seed Orchards are intensively managed plantations that produce genetically improved seeds for mass production. Popular seeds produced in these orchards include coffee and cacao. Seed orchards also produce woody plants for lumber and other wood by-products.
Christmas Tree Farms grow pine trees specifically for use as Christmas trees. These farms are commonly located in Baguio and Tagaytay.
Coffee Producing Farms cultivate coffee plants for commercial production. Batangas is known for its coffee production.

Trees and fruit-bearing trees require more space to grow and become productive than ornamental plants and vegetables.
There are two methods of planting trees:
- Direct seeding: Seeds are directly planted into the ground.
- Indirect/Transplanting Method: Seeds are initially planted in a seed box or container, then transplanted to the ground after they fully grow.
Seed germination is the development of the seed into a young plant. It requires water or moisture, warmth or temperature, oxygen, and sunlight.
Transplanting is the process of transferring seedlings from containers to the ground.

The Philippine fruit industry makes a significant contribution to the country's economy.
Key fruit species grown in the Philippines, based on volume of production, are Mango, Calamansi, Durian, Jackfruit, and Lanzones, which are available year-round in the market.
Harvesting fruits usually involves picking them when they are mature and ready for sale.
Mangoes are harvested before they ripen, pomelos and chicos should be harvested at the right size and maturity, while Dalandan are harvested while still green.
When there is an abundant supply of fruits, the price is low. Conversely, when the harvest quantity is limited, the price is high.
Proper fruit storage is crucial to maintain quality. Perishable fruits like Avocado, Chico, and Mango require careful handling.

Sexual plant propagation involves multiplying plant species using seeds, through pollination and fertilization of the parents. This process creates offspring that are different from the parent plants.
Direct Planting is a method where seeds or parts of plants are directly planted in the soil where they will germinate and grow.