Aseptic Meningitis vs Encephalitis

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Questions and Answers

What is the major cause of death in the first year of life, after prematurity, among children with congenital heart defects?

  • Infection (correct)
  • Autoimmune response
  • Chronic illness
  • Environmental factors

Which of the following is the most common anomaly found in children with congenital heart defects?

  • Coarctation of Aorta
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
  • Ventral Septal Defect (VSD) (correct)
  • Pulmonic Stenosis

What is a common maternal risk factor associated with congenital heart defects?

  • Alcohol consumption (correct)
  • Frequent respiratory tract infections
  • Developmental delay
  • Family history of cardiac disease

Which of the following symptoms is often observed in children with congenital heart defects?

<p>Activity/Exercise intolerance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of heart defect is considered to be present at birth?

<p>Congenital heart defect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of symptomatic cases of congenital heart defects within the first year of life?

<p>~10% per 1000 live births (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the hallmark symptom of Kawasaki Disease?

<p>Rash (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about Kawasaki Disease is true?

<p>It can lead to coronary artery aneurysms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main treatment for Kawasaki Disease to prevent cardiac sequelae?

<p>High dose IVIG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT commonly seen in MIS-C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children)?

<p>Thrombocytosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial management approach for pediatric shock?

<p>Intravenous fluid boluses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of shock results from blood loss secondary to trauma or plasma loss?

<p>Hypovolemic shock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes cellular perfusion in pediatric shock?

<p>Involves inadequate tissue perfusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Cool skin' is a clinical manifestation associated with which stage of shock?

<p>'Decompensated' phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Tachypnea' is a common sign seen in which phase of pediatric shock?

<p>'Decompensated' phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between aseptic meningitis and encephalitis?

<p>Inflammatory process of CNS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of seizure disorders?

<p>Atonic seizures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating seizure disorders?

<p>Reducing seizure frequency and severity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can infantile spasms be characterized?

<p>Raising arms and blinking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of seizure classification?

<p>Postictal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common neurologic dysfunction in children?

<p>Seizure Disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is epilepsy defined?

<p>One unprovoked seizure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of febrile seizures in children?

<p>'Transient disorder' of childhood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the nursing care for infants with spina bifida focus?

<p>'Keep sac free' from stool and urine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of Reye's Syndrome?

<p>Giving aspirin to children with a viral infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia in children with diabetes?

<p>Blurred vision, fruity breath, and drowsiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a complication of untreated Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) in children?

<p>Decreased growth velocity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nursing intervention for children with Congenital Hypothyroidism?

<p>Ensuring TSH levels are between 0.5-2 mU/L (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pituitary gland in children's endocrine function?

<p>Control of hormone-releasing glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the impact of childhood obesity on intellectual development?

<p>Childhood obesity may lead to intellectual disability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In diabetes management, what is the purpose of administering insulin before meals and at bedtime?

<p>To control blood glucose levels throughout the day (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended approach to managing hypoglycemia in children with low blood sugar?

<p>Using glucagon immediately followed by rapid-releasing glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of hyperglycemia in children with diabetes if not managed promptly?

<p><strong>DKA</strong> (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one common sign of hyperthyroidism in children?

<p>Weight loss despite increased appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do children with diabetes need to monitor their blood glucose levels regularly?

<p>To detect and address fluctuations in blood sugar levels promptly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of congenital heart defect in children with Down syndrome?

<p>Atrial septal defect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is found in 10% of individuals with Down syndrome?

<p>Hypothyroidism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a classic manifestation of Down syndrome related to the eyes?

<p>Outward slant to the eyes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In newborns with Down syndrome, what is a common physical characteristic related to the nose?

<p>Small nose with flat nasal bridge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with delays in social interaction and communication before age 3 years?

<p>Autism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common manifestations of ADHD?

<p>Decreased attention span (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of support classification emphasizes that function improves with support?

<p>Intermittent support (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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