42 Questions
What is the major cause of death in the first year of life, after prematurity, among children with congenital heart defects?
Infection
Which of the following is the most common anomaly found in children with congenital heart defects?
Ventral Septal Defect (VSD)
What is a common maternal risk factor associated with congenital heart defects?
Alcohol consumption
Which of the following symptoms is often observed in children with congenital heart defects?
Activity/Exercise intolerance
Which type of heart defect is considered to be present at birth?
Congenital heart defect
What is the incidence of symptomatic cases of congenital heart defects within the first year of life?
~10% per 1000 live births
What is the hallmark symptom of Kawasaki Disease?
Rash
Which statement about Kawasaki Disease is true?
It can lead to coronary artery aneurysms.
What is the main treatment for Kawasaki Disease to prevent cardiac sequelae?
High dose IVIG
Which symptom is NOT commonly seen in MIS-C (Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children)?
Thrombocytosis
What is the initial management approach for pediatric shock?
Intravenous fluid boluses
What type of shock results from blood loss secondary to trauma or plasma loss?
Hypovolemic shock
Which statement accurately describes cellular perfusion in pediatric shock?
Involves inadequate tissue perfusion
'Cool skin' is a clinical manifestation associated with which stage of shock?
'Decompensated' phase
'Tachypnea' is a common sign seen in which phase of pediatric shock?
'Decompensated' phase
What is the main difference between aseptic meningitis and encephalitis?
Inflammatory process of CNS
Which of the following is a symptom of seizure disorders?
Atonic seizures
What is the primary goal of treating seizure disorders?
Reducing seizure frequency and severity
How can infantile spasms be characterized?
Raising arms and blinking
Which of the following is NOT a type of seizure classification?
Postictal
What is the most common neurologic dysfunction in children?
Seizure Disorders
How is epilepsy defined?
One unprovoked seizure
Which symptom is characteristic of febrile seizures in children?
'Transient disorder' of childhood
How should the nursing care for infants with spina bifida focus?
'Keep sac free' from stool and urine
What is the main cause of Reye's Syndrome?
Giving aspirin to children with a viral infection
What are common clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia in children with diabetes?
Blurred vision, fruity breath, and drowsiness
Which is a complication of untreated Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) in children?
Decreased growth velocity
What is a key nursing intervention for children with Congenital Hypothyroidism?
Ensuring TSH levels are between 0.5-2 mU/L
What is the primary role of the pituitary gland in children's endocrine function?
Control of hormone-releasing glands
Which statement accurately describes the impact of childhood obesity on intellectual development?
Childhood obesity may lead to intellectual disability
In diabetes management, what is the purpose of administering insulin before meals and at bedtime?
To control blood glucose levels throughout the day
What is the recommended approach to managing hypoglycemia in children with low blood sugar?
Using glucagon immediately followed by rapid-releasing glucose
What is a potential consequence of hyperglycemia in children with diabetes if not managed promptly?
DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis)
What is one common sign of hyperthyroidism in children?
Weight loss despite increased appetite
Why do children with diabetes need to monitor their blood glucose levels regularly?
To detect and address fluctuations in blood sugar levels promptly.
What is the most common type of congenital heart defect in children with Down syndrome?
Atrial septal defect
Which condition is found in 10% of individuals with Down syndrome?
Hypothyroidism
What is a classic manifestation of Down syndrome related to the eyes?
Outward slant to the eyes
In newborns with Down syndrome, what is a common physical characteristic related to the nose?
Small nose with flat nasal bridge
Which condition is commonly associated with delays in social interaction and communication before age 3 years?
Autism
What is one of the common manifestations of ADHD?
Decreased attention span
Which type of support classification emphasizes that function improves with support?
Intermittent support
Explore the differences between aseptic meningitis and encephalitis including causative agents, diagnosis, onset, manifestations, and treatment. Understand the inflammatory processes of the central nervous system in each condition.
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