Questions and Answers
ما هو الوباء الذي اجتاح أوروبا بين عامي 1347 و 1351 وأسفر عن وفيات أكثر من أي وباء آخر؟
الوباء الأسود أو الطاعون
ما هو النتيجة التي أدت اليها الوباء الأسود على الايديولوجيات الإنسانية خلال العصر النهضوي؟
تعزز العلمنة وأفكار المادية
كانت كاثرين دي ميديتشي ملكة فرنسا خلال القرن الخامس عشر والسادس عشر.
False
ما هي المدينة العثمانية التي تم تأسيسها بين 1593 و 1623 في إيطاليا؟
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What was the impact of the Black Death pandemic on people's ideologies during the Renaissance period?
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What did Vitruvius assert in his book De architectura about the qualities a structure must exhibit?
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Who was Catherine de' Medici and what was her role?
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The Pruitt-Igoe housing project in St. Louis, USA, was successful and well-received by its residents.
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Urbanization is the process by which individuals move from __________ to urban regions.
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Study Notes
فترة النهضة (14-16 قرن)
The 14th to 16th century was a time of significant change and transformation in Europe. The Black Death, also known as the “Plague,” swept through the continent between 1347 and 1351, claiming the lives of millions and leaving a lasting impact on European society.
During this time, the rise of humanism and the Renaissance began to take hold, as intellectuals and philosophers began to question the authority of the Church and seek knowledge through observation and experimentation.
This period also saw the rise of city-states, such as Florence, Venice, and Genoa, which became centers of trade, commerce, and culture.
Architects and engineers, such as Vitruvius, developed new designs and techniques for building construction, which became the hallmark of Renaissance architecture.
مدن عصر النهضة (14-16 قرن)
Bologna, Italy (1593) was a city that thrived during this period, with a strong university system and a rich cultural heritage.
Vitruvius, in his book “De Architectura,” emphasized the importance of three values: stability, functionality, and beauty, which became the guiding principles of Renaissance architecture.
فترة الباروك (15-16 قرن)
The Baroque period, which spanned from the 15th to the 17th century, saw the rise of ornate and elaborate architectural styles, characterized by the use of grandiose decorations and dramatic lighting.
مدن القرن العشرين (late 20th century to early 21st century)
Urbanization became a dominant feature of modern society, as people moved from rural areas to cities in search of employment, education, and better living conditions.
According to the United Nations, about 4.4 billion people, or 56% of the world's population, live in cities today.
By 2050, it is expected that the number of city dwellers will increase by double digits, according to forecasts.
مشروع Pruitt-Igoe (1954)
Pruitt-Igoe was a housing project in St. Louis, Missouri, built in the 1950s, which was intended to provide affordable housing for low-income families.
مدن القرن الحادي والعشرين (early 21st century)
The 21st century has seen a growing focus on sustainability and urban planning, with initiatives such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Conferences such as the 1972 Stockholm Conference and the 1992 Rio Earth Summit have addressed issues related to environment and development.
مدن المستقبل
Copenhagen's (2000s) pedestrian-friendly design has set a new standard for urban planning, prioritizing walkability and green spaces.
Kaizen Cairo (2022) has embarked on an ambitious project to reduce car usage by promoting cycling and public transportation.
The city of Amaravati (2024) in India has become a model for sustainable urban planning and development, incorporating green spaces and renewable energy.
