ASC4 Early Diagnostics and Treatment Monitoring Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of antibody mentioned in the text?

  • IgM
  • IgE
  • IgG (correct)
  • IgA

    • Based on the text, what is the primary function of the Fc region in an antibody?

  • Immune system activation
  • Physiological functions of antibodies (correct)
  • Antigen recognition
  • Chemical bonding

    • Which of the following is not a method of immunoassay mentioned in the text?

  • Competitive immunoassay
  • Sandwich immunoassay
  • Indirect fluorescent immunoassay (correct)
  • Direct immunoassay

    • What is the primary role of the variable antigen recognition sites in an antibody?

    <p>Antigen recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many antibodies are currently available on the market?

    <p>More than 500,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of death worldwide according to the given statistics?

    <p>Ischaemic heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From 2000 to 2019, which disease has seen the largest increase in deaths among the top 10 causes?

    <p>Ischaemic heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease has entered the top 10 causes of death following a significant percentage increase since 2000?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diabetes is responsible for the largest rise in deaths among males in the top 10 causes since 2000, with what percentage increase?

    <p>80%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What poses a significant challenge in the design of bioassay diagnostic devices?

    <p>Measuring biomolecule concentrations at the picomolar level in blood sample volumes on the microlitre scale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of assay is commonly used in successful diagnostic devices?

    <p>Fluorescence-based immunoassays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the need of inexpensive screening in diagnosing bovine mastitis?

    <p>To minimize economic losses in the dairy industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to the precision of POC diagnostic tests?

    <p>Signal intensities and sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of a biosensor is responsible for generating 'Useful Information'?

    <p>Transduction element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibody is typically measured in a COVID-19 serologic antibody test to determine previous exposure to the virus?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in developing accurate POC diagnostic tests?

    <p>Non-specific binding (NSB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common application of biosensors?

    <p>Weather Forecasting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of POC testing in terms of patient responsibility and compliance?

    <p>Making patients far more responsible for managing their own condition(s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antibody is the first to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen?

    <p>IgM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a key element of a biosensor?

    <p>Amplification element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of measuring IgG and IgM antibodies in a COVID-19 serologic antibody test?

    <p>To identify the stage of the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Fc region in an antibody?

    <p>Interact with immune cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of antibody is robust, common, and best-studied according to the text?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are natural antibodies described in the text?

    <p>Y-shaped with two identical variable antigen recognition sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classical method mentioned in the text for raising antibodies?

    <p>Repeated injection of antigens in animals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what decade were the first immunoassays described according to the text?

    <p>1960s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it challenging to measure biomolecule concentrations at the picomolar level in blood sample volumes on the microlitre scale?

    <p>As a result of the miniature size of bioassay devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of assay are many of the current successful diagnostics devices based on?

    <p>Fluorescence-based immunoassays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is diabetes mentioned as one of the top 10 causes of death in recent years?

    <p>Because of a significant percentage increase since 2000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary feature that distinguishes bioassay diagnostic devices in terms of sample manipulation?

    <p>No user manipulation of the sample possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is diabetes significant in terms of male deaths among the top 10 causes of death?

    <p>It has led to an increase in male deaths by 70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes it exceptionally challenging to achieve accurate measurements in miniature bioassay devices?

    <p>Absence of user manipulation capabilities for samples</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of biosensors?

    <p>Providing an output signal related to target analyte concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are POC measurements preferred in diagnostics?

    <p>Reduce the time for sample travel and result transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge in designing accurate POC diagnostic tests?

    <p>Signal intensities and limits of detection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of a biosensor is responsible for generating 'Useful Information'?

    <p>Transduction element</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of measuring both IgG and IgM antibodies in a COVID-19 serologic test?

    <p>To evaluate different antibody responses during the infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes POC diagnostic tests cost-effective compared to conventional laboratory analysis?

    <p>They lower medical costs by reducing errors and misdirection of results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does non-specific binding (NSB) present a challenge in biosensors?

    <p>Results in lower detection limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of near-patient testing in diabetic clinics?

    <p>Greater patient satisfaction with better understanding of medical results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of self-administered POC tests in terms of patient responsibilities?

    <p>Patients can manage their own conditions effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element controls the background response and often leads to higher detection limits in biosensors?

    <p>Non-specific binding (NSB)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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