ASC4 Early Diagnostics and Treatment Monitoring Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the most common type of antibody mentioned in the text?

  • IgM
  • IgE
  • IgG (correct)
  • IgA

Based on the text, what is the primary function of the Fc region in an antibody?

  • Immune system activation
  • Physiological functions of antibodies (correct)
  • Antigen recognition
  • Chemical bonding

Which of the following is not a method of immunoassay mentioned in the text?

  • Competitive immunoassay
  • Sandwich immunoassay
  • Indirect fluorescent immunoassay (correct)
  • Direct immunoassay

What is the primary role of the variable antigen recognition sites in an antibody?

<p>Antigen recognition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many antibodies are currently available on the market?

<p>More than 500,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of death worldwide according to the given statistics?

<p>Ischaemic heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From 2000 to 2019, which disease has seen the largest increase in deaths among the top 10 causes?

<p>Ischaemic heart disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disease has entered the top 10 causes of death following a significant percentage increase since 2000?

<p>Diabetes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Diabetes is responsible for the largest rise in deaths among males in the top 10 causes since 2000, with what percentage increase?

<p>80% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What poses a significant challenge in the design of bioassay diagnostic devices?

<p>Measuring biomolecule concentrations at the picomolar level in blood sample volumes on the microlitre scale (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of assay is commonly used in successful diagnostic devices?

<p>Fluorescence-based immunoassays (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the need of inexpensive screening in diagnosing bovine mastitis?

<p>To minimize economic losses in the dairy industry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to the precision of POC diagnostic tests?

<p>Signal intensities and sensitivity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of a biosensor is responsible for generating 'Useful Information'?

<p>Transduction element (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibody is typically measured in a COVID-19 serologic antibody test to determine previous exposure to the virus?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in developing accurate POC diagnostic tests?

<p>Non-specific binding (NSB) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common application of biosensors?

<p>Weather Forecasting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of POC testing in terms of patient responsibility and compliance?

<p>Making patients far more responsible for managing their own condition(s) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibody is the first to appear in response to initial exposure to an antigen?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a key element of a biosensor?

<p>Amplification element (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of measuring IgG and IgM antibodies in a COVID-19 serologic antibody test?

<p>To identify the stage of the infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Fc region in an antibody?

<p>Interact with immune cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is robust, common, and best-studied according to the text?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are natural antibodies described in the text?

<p>Y-shaped with two identical variable antigen recognition sites (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the classical method mentioned in the text for raising antibodies?

<p>Repeated injection of antigens in animals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what decade were the first immunoassays described according to the text?

<p>1960s (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it challenging to measure biomolecule concentrations at the picomolar level in blood sample volumes on the microlitre scale?

<p>As a result of the miniature size of bioassay devices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of assay are many of the current successful diagnostics devices based on?

<p>Fluorescence-based immunoassays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is diabetes mentioned as one of the top 10 causes of death in recent years?

<p>Because of a significant percentage increase since 2000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary feature that distinguishes bioassay diagnostic devices in terms of sample manipulation?

<p>No user manipulation of the sample possible (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is diabetes significant in terms of male deaths among the top 10 causes of death?

<p>It has led to an increase in male deaths by 70% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes it exceptionally challenging to achieve accurate measurements in miniature bioassay devices?

<p>Absence of user manipulation capabilities for samples (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of biosensors?

<p>Providing an output signal related to target analyte concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are POC measurements preferred in diagnostics?

<p>Reduce the time for sample travel and result transmission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary challenge in designing accurate POC diagnostic tests?

<p>Signal intensities and limits of detection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of a biosensor is responsible for generating 'Useful Information'?

<p>Transduction element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of measuring both IgG and IgM antibodies in a COVID-19 serologic test?

<p>To evaluate different antibody responses during the infection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes POC diagnostic tests cost-effective compared to conventional laboratory analysis?

<p>They lower medical costs by reducing errors and misdirection of results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does non-specific binding (NSB) present a challenge in biosensors?

<p>Results in lower detection limits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of near-patient testing in diabetic clinics?

<p>Greater patient satisfaction with better understanding of medical results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of self-administered POC tests in terms of patient responsibilities?

<p>Patients can manage their own conditions effectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element controls the background response and often leads to higher detection limits in biosensors?

<p>Non-specific binding (NSB) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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