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Questions and Answers
What is the Central Nervous System comprised of?
What is the Central Nervous System comprised of?
What are the main parts of the brain?
What are the main parts of the brain?
Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain and nerve cells called neurons.
Which of the following are contents of the forebrain?
Which of the following are contents of the forebrain?
What is the primary function of the cerebrum?
What is the primary function of the cerebrum?
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What does the temporal lobe do?
What does the temporal lobe do?
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What does the parietal lobe process?
What does the parietal lobe process?
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What is the function of the occipital lobe?
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
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What are the contents of the midbrain?
What are the contents of the midbrain?
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What does the midbrain control?
What does the midbrain control?
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What is the role of the hypothalamus?
What is the role of the hypothalamus?
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What is the pituitary gland often referred to as?
What is the pituitary gland often referred to as?
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What are hormones?
What are hormones?
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What is the primary function of the pineal gland?
What is the primary function of the pineal gland?
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What does the hindbrain consist of?
What does the hindbrain consist of?
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What is the function of the medulla?
What is the function of the medulla?
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What is the cerebellum responsible for?
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
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What are three things that protect your brain?
What are three things that protect your brain?
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What is the function of the skull?
What is the function of the skull?
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What are the meninges?
What are the meninges?
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What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
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What is the spinal cord?
What is the spinal cord?
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What protects the spinal cord?
What protects the spinal cord?
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What is the peripheral nervous system?
What is the peripheral nervous system?
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What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
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What do somatosensory receptors allow?
What do somatosensory receptors allow?
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What are proprioceptors?
What are proprioceptors?
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How do nerve cells function?
How do nerve cells function?
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What two elements are important for the transmission of nerve impulses?
What two elements are important for the transmission of nerve impulses?
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What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
What is the autonomic nervous system responsible for?
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What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?
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What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system?
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What are bones?
What are bones?
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What binds living cells in a mineralized matrix?
What binds living cells in a mineralized matrix?
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What are five functions of bones?
What are five functions of bones?
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Where are red and white blood cells produced?
Where are red and white blood cells produced?
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What do white blood cells do?
What do white blood cells do?
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What kind of minerals are found in bones?
What kind of minerals are found in bones?
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What is resorption?
What is resorption?
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What is remodeling in relation to bones?
What is remodeling in relation to bones?
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What do muscles produce?
What do muscles produce?
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How are muscles attached to bones?
How are muscles attached to bones?
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What are the three types of muscles?
What are the three types of muscles?
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What is skeletal muscle?
What is skeletal muscle?
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What is smooth muscle?
What is smooth muscle?
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What is cardiac muscle?
What is cardiac muscle?
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What is peristalsis?
What is peristalsis?
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How do muscles contract?
How do muscles contract?
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What minerals are important for muscle health?
What minerals are important for muscle health?
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What contributes to bone mass density?
What contributes to bone mass density?
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What is Bone Mass Density (BMD)?
What is Bone Mass Density (BMD)?
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What is the gastrointestinal tract responsible for?
What is the gastrointestinal tract responsible for?
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What does the stomach produce?
What does the stomach produce?
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What is hydrochloric acid's role in digestion?
What is hydrochloric acid's role in digestion?
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What is pepsin?
What is pepsin?
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What occurs in the small intestine?
What occurs in the small intestine?
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Where does bile come from and where is it stored?
Where does bile come from and where is it stored?
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What are the purposes of bile?
What are the purposes of bile?
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What is the function of the large intestine?
What is the function of the large intestine?
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What is the purpose of the metabolic system?
What is the purpose of the metabolic system?
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What are the functions of the liver?
What are the functions of the liver?
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What does the gallbladder do?
What does the gallbladder do?
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What are the functions of the kidneys?
What are the functions of the kidneys?
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Why do people get kidney stones?
Why do people get kidney stones?
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What is the function of the pancreas?
What is the function of the pancreas?
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What do the thyroid and parathyroid regulate?
What do the thyroid and parathyroid regulate?
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What does the circulatory system do?
What does the circulatory system do?
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What does whole blood consist of?
What does whole blood consist of?
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What do platelets do?
What do platelets do?
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What does plasma contain?
What does plasma contain?
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How long does it take to recover from blood donation?
How long does it take to recover from blood donation?
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What are the four main chambers of the heart?
What are the four main chambers of the heart?
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What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
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What do the ventricles do?
What do the ventricles do?
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What does the right ventricle do?
What does the right ventricle do?
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What does the left ventricle do?
What does the left ventricle do?
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What is the sinoatrial node?
What is the sinoatrial node?
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What is the cardiac cycle?
What is the cardiac cycle?
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What controls blood pressure?
What controls blood pressure?
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What are systolic and diastolic pressure?
What are systolic and diastolic pressure?
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What is an arrhythmia?
What is an arrhythmia?
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What is fibrillation?
What is fibrillation?
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What is a stroke?
What is a stroke?
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What is a heart attack?
What is a heart attack?
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How does an Automatic External Defibrillator work?
How does an Automatic External Defibrillator work?
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What is respiration?
What is respiration?
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What is external respiration?
What is external respiration?
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What is active breathing?
What is active breathing?
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What is passive breathing?
What is passive breathing?
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What is pressure breathing?
What is pressure breathing?
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What is internal respiration?
What is internal respiration?
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What is the process of internal respiration?
What is the process of internal respiration?
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What does Grahams law state?
What does Grahams law state?
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What is normal O2 saturation?
What is normal O2 saturation?
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What does O2 combine with in your blood?
What does O2 combine with in your blood?
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What is cellular respiration?
What is cellular respiration?
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What percentage do red blood cells make up of blood?
What percentage do red blood cells make up of blood?
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What binds to hemoglobin?
What binds to hemoglobin?
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Study Notes
Central Nervous System
- Comprises the brain and spinal cord, serving as the body's control center.
Brain Structure
- Divided into three main parts: forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
- Contains nerve cells known as neurons.
Forebrain
- Contains the cerebrum, responsible for cognitive functions including problem-solving, judgment, and memory.
- Has lobes including the temporal lobe (auditory processing and memory encoding), parietal lobe (sensory processing), and occipital lobe (visual processing).
Midbrain
- Houses the hypothalamus (regulates temperature, hunger, and fatigue), pituitary gland (master gland for growth and metabolism), and pineal gland (regulates sleep cycles and melatonin secretion).
Hindbrain
- Comprises the medulla (controls vital functions such as breathing and heart rate) and cerebellum (coordinates movement and balance).
Brain Protection
- Protected by the skull, meninges (three membranes), and blood-brain barrier, which allows selective permeability for essential molecules.
Spinal Cord
- Nerve bundles extending from the brain, protected by vertebrae, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Networks of nerves outside the spinal cord, sending signals to and from the brain, controlling body functions, and receiving sensory information.
Autonomic Nervous System
- Manages involuntary functions and consists of the sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight response) and parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest).
Bones
- Serve as the mechanical framework of the body; functions include protection, shape, mineral storage, movement, and blood production (red and white blood cells formed in bone marrow).
Muscle Types
- Comprised of skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), and cardiac (heart muscle) types.
- Muscles contract through signals from the brain to motor neurons, using glucose and oxygen.
Metabolic System
- Regulates bodily chemicals, energy, and functions, with the liver playing a key role in processing nutrients and detoxification.
Gastrointestinal Tract
- Responsible for the intake, digestion, and expulsion of food and waste. The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid and pepsin for digestion.
Respiratory System
- Handles gas exchange between body tissues and the environment; involves structures such as the mouth, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli.
- Internal respiration refers to gas exchange from lungs to blood, and cellular respiration involves transferring oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and tissues.
Blood Composition
- Made up of red blood cells (45% of blood), white blood cells, platelets, and plasma, which contains minerals.
- Platelets are essential for blood clotting.
Heart Anatomy
- Composed of four main chambers: right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle; the sinoatrial node serves as the heart's pacemaker.
- Blood pressure controlled by heart rate, stroke volume, and vasoconstriction.
Health Conditions
- Arrhythmia refers to abnormal heart rhythms; fibrillation involves uncontrolled heart muscle contractions.
- A stroke occurs due to interrupted blood supply to the brain, while a heart attack (myocardial infarction) involves blocked blood flow to the heart muscle.
Important Facts
- Normal oxygen saturation levels range from 95-98%.
- Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds oxygen and carbon dioxide, facilitating respiratory functions.
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Description
Prepare for your AS 357 exam with these flashcards focusing on the Central Nervous System and its components. Study the brain's structure including the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain, as well as the functions of the cerebrum. Perfect for students looking to solidify their understanding of neurological concepts.