Questions and Answers
What was the outcome of the presidential election of 1824?
Who was the Vice President under John Quincy Adams?
John C. Calhoun
What was the Kitchen Cabinet?
A small group of Andrew Jackson's friends and advisors.
Daniel Webster was known as a leader for the ________ business interests.
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What compromise did Henry Clay propose in 1819?
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What does sectionalism refer to?
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The Nullification Crisis occurred in the late 1830s.
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What did the Indian Removal Act of 1830 do?
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What was the Supreme Court's decision in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia?
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The forced march of the Cherokee Indians to Oklahoma is known as the ________.
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Whigs were organized in opposition to Andrew Jackson in the early 1830s.
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What role did railroads play in the economy?
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Who created the first 'Factory Town'?
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Study Notes
The Corrupt Bargain
- In the 1824 presidential election, five Republican candidates competed.
- Andrew Jackson received 43% of the popular vote and 99 electoral votes, more than any rival.
- John Quincy Adams followed with 84 electoral votes but neither candidate secured a majority.
- The election was decided by the House of Representatives, which elected Adams, sparking allegations of a "corrupt bargain."
- Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, allegedly influenced Congress to support Adams, who later appointed Clay as Secretary of State.
John C. Calhoun
- Authored the South Carolina Exposition and Protest advocating for states’ rights.
- A sectional leader from South Carolina, he was a strong proponent of slavery.
- Served as Vice President under John Quincy Adams.
The Kitchen Cabinet
- This term refers to Andrew Jackson's informal group of friends and advisors.
- Jackson preferred consulting this group over his official cabinet, creating controversy.
Daniel Webster
- A Senator from Massachusetts, recognized for representing Northern business interests.
- Known as a white abolitionist who was part of the sectional leadership alongside Clay and Calhoun.
Henry Clay
- From Kentucky, he was a prominent "War Hawk" in 1811 and later proposed the Missouri Compromise.
- Known as "the Great Pacificator," influential in resolving sectional conflicts.
- Supported John Quincy Adams in the 1824 election after withdrawing from the race.
Sectionalism
- A political shift where regional interests overshadowed national party loyalty.
- Key figures included Daniel Webster (North), Henry Clay (Kentucky), and John C. Calhoun (South, pro-slavery).
The Nullification Crisis
- Occurred in the early 1830s, involving a South Carolina states' rights movement resisting federal tariff laws.
Indian Removal Act
- Enacted in 1830, this law mandated the federal relocation of Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River, supported by Jackson.
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
- A legal case in 1831-1832 where the courts recognized the Cherokee as a "domestic dependent nation" in Georgia.
- Despite the court's ruling, Jackson endorsed actions leading to Native American removal, culminating in the Trail of Tears.
Trail of Tears
- The forced relocation of Cherokee Indians in 1838, resulting in significant loss of life (over 25% mortality, primarily among women and children) as they were escorted to Oklahoma.
Whigs
- Formed in the early 1830s as an anti-Jackson political faction, advocating for a strong national role in the economy.
- Supported Henry Clay's American System and active social reforms, with a power base primarily in the North and Old Northwest.
Railroads
- Revolutionized transportation, enabling faster movement of goods and access to new markets.
- Notably, the first train (the Rocket) operated at 37 mph between Liverpool and Manchester.
- Improved transportation infrastructures linked communities, expanding market reach essential for commercialization and industrial growth.
- The North's transportation capacity tripled, initially facilitating the movement of textiles.
Francis Cabot Lowell
- Established the first "Factory Town," intending to create a model community free from poverty.
- Funded by businessmen looking to maintain prosperity in Massachusetts rather than philanthropists.
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