Artillery Target Indication Procedure Quiz

Artillery Target Indication Procedure

• Artillery fire is essential for mission success in combat operations.
• Armoured commanders must learn the artillery target indication procedure to request fire support effectively.
• Procedure is divided into four parts: communication, target indication, ranging and bracketing, and voice procedure during shooting.

Part 1: Communication and Voice Procedure

• Each artillery battery is assigned to support an Armoured Regiment with designated tanks for observers.
• Battery commanders operate under call signs 96, while Forward Observation Officers (FOOs) use call signs 96A, 96B, and 96C.
• Two wireless sets are fitted in observer tanks—one for regiment/squadron net and the other for artillery net.
• Voice Procedure Differences:
  • Initial transmission begins with "Target Target Target."
  • Commands must be repeated verbatim by both commanders.
  • Figures are transmitted without preceding prowords.
  • Incorrect transmissions should be corrected with "wrong" followed by the correct details.

Part 2: Indication and Engagement of Targets

• Target indication begins with a warning "Target Target Target."
• Location of the target can be identified using:
  • Grid Reference (GR): e.g., 673185.
  • Target Grid Correction from Reference Point: Clearly visible reference points.
  • Recorded Target Numbers: Immediate importance relies on previously surveyed targets.
  • Battery Salvo Reference: For difficult terrain, using a concentrated artillery salvo provides a reference.
  • Visual Signals: Colored smoke or tracer rounds to indicate the target.
  • Personal Contact: Infantry may mount the tank for direct communication.
• Oscar Tango (OT) Bearing:
  • Indicates the grid bearing from the commander to the target.
  • Must be provided each time the target is engaged, reported to the nearest degree.
• Target Description: Includes tactical and physical characteristics to gauge fire requirements.
• Execution Instructions: Define what actions to take like destroy or neutralize with specified timing (e.g. "2 Minutes now").

Part 3: Ranging and Bracketing

• Observers correct fire based on the OT reference line.
• Corrections indicate where to adjust fire depending on round location relative to the target.
• The ranging process involves:
  • Direct fire corrections.
  • Bracketing by progressively narrowing range until precise targeting.
• Experienced commanders may order double corrections for efficiency.

Part 4: Examples

• Communication examples showcase common scenarios like:
  • Immediate identification of targets by observers.
  • Correction requests for targets not immediately identified.
  • Using battery salvos as reference points when visibility is compromised.

Infantry-Tank Target Indication Procedure

• Infantries and tanks enhance combat effectiveness when coordinated closely, helping each other to overcome enemy defenses.
• The procedure aims to facilitate infantry's request for tank support in neutralizing enemy weapons.

Part 1: Communication Means

• Radio Communication:
  • Advantages include speed and flexibility but prone to interference.
• Infantry Socket:
  • Allows direct communication but exposes infantry to fire.
• Visual Signals:
  • Safer for infantry but can be ineffective in poor visibility.
  • Methods include colored flags, very light signals, and hand signals.
• Personal Contact:
  • Most effective but exposes infantry commander to danger.

Part 2: Target Indication Challenges

• Attracting Attention:
  • Tank commanders may be busy and hard to divert to targets.
• Directing Focus to the Target:
  • Involves using advances, features, and shots as reference points.
• Providing Accurate Ranges:
  • Infantry give rough estimates, and tank commanders adjust.
• Describing Targets Clearly:
  • Use identifiable landmarks for clarity in communication.
• Executing Fire Orders:
  • Commands must specify whether to destroy or neutralize targets.
• Correcting Fire:
  • Infantry commanders must guide tank fire corrections as needed.

Summary

• Mastering the artillery target indication and infantry-tank communication procedures is critical for ensuring effective use of combined arms in combat situations. Clear communication, target definition, and accurate corrections are essential components of achieving mission success.### Communication Between Infantry and Tanks
• Infantry provides specific targeting instructions to tanks using coded messages.
• Adjustments for target firing include direction (right or left) and distance (add or drop meters).
• Successful hits are confirmed through radio communication, indicating target neutralization.

Orders on Marching Column (OOM)

• OOM occurs when enemy capacities exceed those manageable by a squadron.
• If multiple troops are deployed for base fire, squadron commanders issue attack orders on-the-move.
• Action must be completed within a 40-minute timeframe.

Sequence of Command

• Orders originate from the Squadron Commander to Troop Leaders and down to Tank Commanders.
• Communication includes warnings, execution plans, and troop formations for advancement.

Squadron Commander's Orders for Advance

• Warning orders begin with situational analysis, mission objectives, and execution strategies.
• Key parameters include axes of advance, troop formations, and inter-troop distances.
• Coordination and reporting readiness are emphasized for operational efficiency.

Troop Leader Orders for Advance

• Similar structure as Squadron Commander orders, with focus shifted to specific troops and detailed movement strategies.
• Emphasis on maintaining communication and confirming understanding among all involved stations.

Tank Commander Briefing for Advance

• Tank crew readiness is checked and confirmed before movement.
• Orders specify the axis of advance, formation, and methods of movement for effective coordination.
• Responsibilities include ensuring communication amongst crew members regarding target engagement.

Base of Fire Command Orders

• Base of fire typically consists of supportive infantry and armored units for sustained engagement.
• Details include positioning and roles for troops during the attack, outlining specific targets.

Fire Control Orders (FCOs)

• FCOs delineate initial and subsequent firing orders, clarifying roles during engagement.
• Characteristics of FCOs include brevity, accuracy, clarity, and rapidity.
• Sequence of communication in fire orders includes targeting assignments, ammunition types, and firing commands.

Ammunition and Weapon Specifications

• Specific terms are used to identify types of ammunition suited for various targets and engagement scenarios.
• Types of ammunition include High Explosive (HE), Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized (APFSDS), and High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT).

Communication Protocol

• Range terms utilize numeric representations for clarity in distance communication.
• Descriptive terms guide identification of targets, ensuring prompt and precise actions during engagements.

Immediate and Detailed Contact Reports

• Contact reports provide timely updates to commanders, detailing presence and actions of enemy units.
• Effective reporting answers critical questions regarding the timing, location, and movements of threats.

Differences in Reporting

• Tank Commanders report engagements based on direct observations and target actions.
• Troop Leaders provide broader situational context, incorporating organizational movements and suggestions for tactical responses.

Artillery Target Indication Procedure

• Artillery fire is essential for mission success in combat operations.
• Armoured commanders must learn the artillery target indication procedure to request fire support effectively.
• Procedure is divided into four parts: communication, target indication, ranging and bracketing, and voice procedure during shooting.

Part 1: Communication and Voice Procedure

• Each artillery battery is assigned to support an Armoured Regiment with designated tanks for observers.
• Battery commanders operate under call signs 96, while Forward Observation Officers (FOOs) use call signs 96A, 96B, and 96C.
• Two wireless sets are fitted in observer tanks—one for regiment/squadron net and the other for artillery net.
• Voice Procedure Differences:
  • Initial transmission begins with "Target Target Target."
  • Commands must be repeated verbatim by both commanders.
  • Figures are transmitted without preceding prowords.
  • Incorrect transmissions should be corrected with "wrong" followed by the correct details.

Part 2: Indication and Engagement of Targets

• Target indication begins with a warning "Target Target Target."
• Location of the target can be identified using:
  • Grid Reference (GR): e.g., 673185.
  • Target Grid Correction from Reference Point: Clearly visible reference points.
  • Recorded Target Numbers: Immediate importance relies on previously surveyed targets.
  • Battery Salvo Reference: For difficult terrain, using a concentrated artillery salvo provides a reference.
  • Visual Signals: Colored smoke or tracer rounds to indicate the target.
  • Personal Contact: Infantry may mount the tank for direct communication.
• Oscar Tango (OT) Bearing:
  • Indicates the grid bearing from the commander to the target.
  • Must be provided each time the target is engaged, reported to the nearest degree.
• Target Description: Includes tactical and physical characteristics to gauge fire requirements.
• Execution Instructions: Define what actions to take like destroy or neutralize with specified timing (e.g. "2 Minutes now").

Part 3: Ranging and Bracketing

• Observers correct fire based on the OT reference line.
• Corrections indicate where to adjust fire depending on round location relative to the target.
• The ranging process involves:
  • Direct fire corrections.
  • Bracketing by progressively narrowing range until precise targeting.
• Experienced commanders may order double corrections for efficiency.

Part 4: Examples

• Communication examples showcase common scenarios like:
  • Immediate identification of targets by observers.
  • Correction requests for targets not immediately identified.
  • Using battery salvos as reference points when visibility is compromised.

Infantry-Tank Target Indication Procedure

• Infantries and tanks enhance combat effectiveness when coordinated closely, helping each other to overcome enemy defenses.
• The procedure aims to facilitate infantry's request for tank support in neutralizing enemy weapons.

Part 1: Communication Means

• Radio Communication:
  • Advantages include speed and flexibility but prone to interference.
• Infantry Socket:
  • Allows direct communication but exposes infantry to fire.
• Visual Signals:
  • Safer for infantry but can be ineffective in poor visibility.
  • Methods include colored flags, very light signals, and hand signals.
• Personal Contact:
  • Most effective but exposes infantry commander to danger.

Part 2: Target Indication Challenges

• Attracting Attention:
  • Tank commanders may be busy and hard to divert to targets.
• Directing Focus to the Target:
  • Involves using advances, features, and shots as reference points.
• Providing Accurate Ranges:
  • Infantry give rough estimates, and tank commanders adjust.
• Describing Targets Clearly:
  • Use identifiable landmarks for clarity in communication.
• Executing Fire Orders:
  • Commands must specify whether to destroy or neutralize targets.
• Correcting Fire:
  • Infantry commanders must guide tank fire corrections as needed.

Summary

• Mastering the artillery target indication and infantry-tank communication procedures is critical for ensuring effective use of combined arms in combat situations. Clear communication, target definition, and accurate corrections are essential components of achieving mission success.### Communication Between Infantry and Tanks
• Infantry provides specific targeting instructions to tanks using coded messages.
• Adjustments for target firing include direction (right or left) and distance (add or drop meters).
• Successful hits are confirmed through radio communication, indicating target neutralization.

Orders on Marching Column (OOM)

• OOM occurs when enemy capacities exceed those manageable by a squadron.
• If multiple troops are deployed for base fire, squadron commanders issue attack orders on-the-move.
• Action must be completed within a 40-minute timeframe.

Sequence of Command

• Orders originate from the Squadron Commander to Troop Leaders and down to Tank Commanders.
• Communication includes warnings, execution plans, and troop formations for advancement.

Squadron Commander's Orders for Advance

• Warning orders begin with situational analysis, mission objectives, and execution strategies.
• Key parameters include axes of advance, troop formations, and inter-troop distances.
• Coordination and reporting readiness are emphasized for operational efficiency.

Troop Leader Orders for Advance

• Similar structure as Squadron Commander orders, with focus shifted to specific troops and detailed movement strategies.
• Emphasis on maintaining communication and confirming understanding among all involved stations.

Tank Commander Briefing for Advance

• Tank crew readiness is checked and confirmed before movement.
• Orders specify the axis of advance, formation, and methods of movement for effective coordination.
• Responsibilities include ensuring communication amongst crew members regarding target engagement.

Base of Fire Command Orders

• Base of fire typically consists of supportive infantry and armored units for sustained engagement.
• Details include positioning and roles for troops during the attack, outlining specific targets.

Fire Control Orders (FCOs)

• FCOs delineate initial and subsequent firing orders, clarifying roles during engagement.
• Characteristics of FCOs include brevity, accuracy, clarity, and rapidity.
• Sequence of communication in fire orders includes targeting assignments, ammunition types, and firing commands.

Ammunition and Weapon Specifications

• Specific terms are used to identify types of ammunition suited for various targets and engagement scenarios.
• Types of ammunition include High Explosive (HE), Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized (APFSDS), and High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT).

Communication Protocol

• Range terms utilize numeric representations for clarity in distance communication.
• Descriptive terms guide identification of targets, ensuring prompt and precise actions during engagements.

Immediate and Detailed Contact Reports

• Contact reports provide timely updates to commanders, detailing presence and actions of enemy units.
• Effective reporting answers critical questions regarding the timing, location, and movements of threats.

Differences in Reporting

• Tank Commanders report engagements based on direct observations and target actions.
• Troop Leaders provide broader situational context, incorporating organizational movements and suggestions for tactical responses.