Artillery Target Indication Procedure Quiz

Questions and Answers

What is the primary requirement for success in any operation according to the Artillery target indication procedure?

Intelligence gathering

Coordination between air and ground forces

Effective communication between units

Artillery fire support (correct)

During which part of the sequence is the indication and engagement of the target discussed?

Part - 1

Part - 4

Part - 3

Part - 2 (correct)

What is the call sign used by the Battery Commander?

96 (correct)

96A

96B

96C

What modification is done in voice procedure specifically for artillery fire orders?

Initial transmissions use the word 'Target Target Target' Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding the communication setup for an Artillery Battery in direct support of an Armoured Regiment?

There is a tank at regimental headquarters and squadron headquarters for observers Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario are figures transmitted without the proword 'figure'?

While transmitting artillery fire orders Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Forward Observation Officer play in the artillery target indication procedure?

They communicate between the artillery and armoured commanders Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main differences in voice procedure for artillery communicated to the armoured forces?

Complete transmissions are repeated in full by both commanders Signup and view all the answers

Which visual method is NOT mentioned for indicating targets to the tank commander?

Night Vision Goggles Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of the infantry commander when the tank fires inaccurately?

To provide corrections to the tank commander Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used to communicate the range to the target?

Radio communication from the infantry commander's location Signup and view all the answers

When indicating the target, which physical landmark is NOT suggested?

Enemy's equipment Signup and view all the answers

What is a common method to attract the tank commander's attention using radio?

By saying 'Hullo tank commander, I want you to engage a target' Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion can be drawn about the tank commander's priorities during combat?

The destruction of the immediate threats is his primary concern. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT used for ensuring the tank commander looks in the right direction towards the target?

Oral command Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using a very light of selected color in front of the tank?

To assist in target identification Signup and view all the answers

How should the infantry commander give the execute order regarding a target?

By stating the destruction method explicitly Signup and view all the answers

What corrections should the infantry commander provide to the tank commander first?

Line correction followed by range correction Signup and view all the answers

Which is a correct example of how the infantry commander should communicate using the tank hull?

Hullo 99, for turret no 23, find the target on the hull axis right Signup and view all the answers

Which turret number corresponds to the Battery Commander (Artillery) Tank?

2 Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk of using personal contact to indicate targets?

The infantry commander may expose himself to enemy fire Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary advantage of using a radio for communication between infantry and tank commanders?

It provides instantaneous reception. Signup and view all the answers

What disadvantage is associated with using the infantry socket for communication?

The infantry is at risk while mounting the tank. Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT suggested for visually indicating a target to a tank commander?

Using a signaling mirror to reflect sunlight. Signup and view all the answers

Which situation may make visual signals ineffective in notifying tank commanders?

Visibility due to dust and smoke. Signup and view all the answers

How can an infantryman indicate the range to a target using hand signals?

By moving their hand in the direction of the target. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the difficulties faced by infantry commanders in indicating targets to tank commanders?

Tank commanders often have a better view. Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario might an infantryman use a smoke grenade to communicate with the tank commander?

To attract attention without exposure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the procedure outlined for infantry-tank target indication?

To assist infantry in destroying enemy defenses. Signup and view all the answers

What method should an infantryman use to indicate an Anti-Tank Gun visually?

Fist clenched with the thumb extended downwards. Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of visual signals in combat situations, according to the information?

They are easily seen by the enemy. Signup and view all the answers

Which showing of signal indicates that the target has been destroyed?

Wave the arms in front of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What communication issue is highlighted in this procedure related to radio transmission?

Radio equipment is frequently malfunctioning. Signup and view all the answers

Why might an infantryman drop their rifle to show their position?

To signal the position of hidden enemy tanks. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential effect of using colored flags for signaling?

They may be difficult to see against smoky backgrounds. Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation OOM stand for in the context of military orders?

Orders on Marching Column Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following units is typically responsible for launching an attack against an enemy?

Squadron Signup and view all the answers

In an encounter battle at squadron level, what happens when the enemy exceeds the squadron's capabilities?

Control is transferred to the Commanding Officer. Signup and view all the answers

During the communication example, what was the Task given by the Squadron Commander?

Destroy the enemy Signup and view all the answers

What is the acknowledged time limit for a squadron to complete its action during an operation?

40 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Tank Commander during the advance?

Issue commands to the driver and gunner Signup and view all the answers

In the communication protocol, what does 'Wilco' signify?

Will comply Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'axis of advance' refer to in military context?

The main direction of movement in battle Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Base of Fire Commander?

Provide cover and support fire Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Dart 1500' signify in the orders example?

The battle site identification Signup and view all the answers

What type of tactic is described as 'leapfrog' in the orders?

An advancing formation Signup and view all the answers

What action should the Loader take when the battle site has been fired?

Load the next round and announce readiness Signup and view all the answers

What tactical command is given first by a Squadron Commander during an advance?

Warning Order Signup and view all the answers

When a Squad Leader states, 'My area of responsibility is from front right mudguard to front left mudguard,' what is he communicating?

His firing zone Signup and view all the answers

What type of ammunition is suitable for engaging heavy tanks and bunkers?

High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effective range for a coaxial machine gun against infantry targets?

250 metres Signup and view all the answers

Which fire control order correctly indicates a time interval for cannon fire?

Three rounds firing interval ten seconds, fire now. Signup and view all the answers

In a detailed contact report, which of the following is NOT essential to include?

What it looks like Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ammunition is designed for light and medium tanks and troops?

High Explosive Plastic (HEP) Signup and view all the answers

During a fire control order, what must the gunner do before firing?

Acquire the target and wait to fire. Signup and view all the answers

Which range statement is accurate for indicating 250 metres?

TWO FIFTY Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum effective range for anti-aircraft machine guns against soft vehicles?

1500 metres Signup and view all the answers

What should the gunner say when ready to fire after acquiring the target?

Firing now. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key distinction between a Tank Commander's report and a Troop Leader's report?

The Troop Leader's report includes suggesting actions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct method for indicating a target's location using a grid reference?

Stating the grid reference in clear format Signup and view all the answers

Which option correctly explains how the armoured commander uses smoke or tracer?

To provide a reference point for targeting Signup and view all the answers

How should the Oscar Tango (OT) bearing be reported?

To the nearest degree Signup and view all the answers

When corrections are necessary after firing, if a round is beyond the target, what correction should be given?

Drop Signup and view all the answers

What does 'bracketing' refer to in artillery fire corrections?

Opening a long bracket and progressively narrowing it Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'deflection correction'?

Bringing the round onto the line Oscar Tango Signup and view all the answers

If an armoured commander orders 'Go right 200 add 400', what is he indicating?

To make a double correction adjustment Signup and view all the answers

How is a personal contact used in targeting procedures?

To transmit the target information verbally Signup and view all the answers

In a situation where the observer identifies the target immediately, what is the first response?

Identifying the target as confirmed Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a tactical description of the target?

To assess the required weight of fire Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to report the Oscar Tango bearing each time the target is engaged?

To ensure clear communication of the firing direction Signup and view all the answers

Which action should NOT be taken once a target is successfully hit?

Continue adjusting fire based on previous rounds Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is a recorded target used for identifying a new target?

When both sides are familiar with prior agreed reference points Signup and view all the answers

What does the command 'Add 800' specifically involve in the context of ranging?

Increasing the range of the fire Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the base of fire commander?

To give orders once the base of fire is established. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence for giving fire control orders?

Gunner, Ammunition, Lay for line, Range, Target, Give lead. Signup and view all the answers

When must the base of fire orders be given?

At H-10 to H-15. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of fire control orders?

Clarity. Signup and view all the answers

Which unit's role is ideally suited to be part of the squadron's base of fire?

Heavy Anti-Tank (HAT) platoon. Signup and view all the answers

What is included in the initial fire control orders?

All necessary information for crew to load, aim, and fire. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tasks does the base of fire NOT support?

Supply ammunition to front line troops. Signup and view all the answers

What term refers to an order issued after the initial fire order has been executed?

Subsequent fire control order. Signup and view all the answers

What is the appropriate term for ammunition designed for light armored vehicles?

High Explosive. Signup and view all the answers

What does the alert term in initial fire orders indicate?

The presence of a target. Signup and view all the answers

In the distribution of target orders, how is Call Sign 1 related to the base of fire commander?

Call Sign 1 acts as the base of fire commander. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the fire control orders sequence is focused on adjusting the artillery or tank fire?

Give lead for moving targets. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Troop Leader concerning fire control orders?

To communicate adjustments to the crew during operations. Signup and view all the answers

Where should the base of fire be established according to command orders?

Near Charlie Papa (CP) 523. Signup and view all the answers

What should troops do after receiving the base of fire orders?

Position themselves quickly at designated areas. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the phrase 'Target Target Target' in artillery communication?

To alert all units to a firing action Signup and view all the answers

Which call sign is used by the Battery Commander during artillery operations?

96 Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant modification in voice procedure for transmitting artillery fire orders?

Both commanders repeat transmissions fully Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the communication equipment used by the Battery Commander and the Forward Observation Officers?

They use different radio frequencies. Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the artillery target indication procedure is ranging and bracketing discussed?

Part - 3 Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of the artillery voice procedure modifications in communication?

Errors in communication are minimized. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the artillery target indication procedure sequence?

Coordination and alignment of forces Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by not preceding figures with the proword 'figure' in artillery transmission?

It shows a modification specific to artillery communication. Signup and view all the answers

What method can be used to get the tank commander to look in the right direction towards the target?

Using map reference Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following methods is NOT recommended for attracting the tank commander's attention?

Shooting a flare Signup and view all the answers

What is the main disadvantage of personal contact for target indication?

It requires the infantry commander to be highly visible Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would the infantry commander provide a correction for tank fire?

If the tank fires inaccurately Signup and view all the answers

Which color smoke grenade would be used to indicate hidden enemy tanks?

Yellow Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the range given by the infantry commander?

To serve as a rough guide for the tank commander Signup and view all the answers

What action is suggested if the target is not immediately recognizable?

Provide a detailed description using landmarks Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper sequence of corrections that the infantry commander should follow?

Line correction followed by range correction Signup and view all the answers

In a communication example, how does the infantry commander initiate contact?

By identifying turret numbers Signup and view all the answers

What factor complicates the infantry commander's ability to communicate effectively?

The tank commander’s numerous responsibilities Signup and view all the answers

Which visual signal is used to indicate a bunker or MG position?

Red smoke grenade Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'Wilco' in communication signify?

Will comply Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used by the infantry commander to give a direct correction for the tank fire?

Referencing the first shot Signup and view all the answers

What type of target should the infantry commander primarily focus on destroying?

Pinpoint static targets Signup and view all the answers

Which method is least effective for indicating the location of a target in featureless terrain?

Target Grid Correction from a Reference Point Signup and view all the answers

What is the key reason for continuing to report the Oscar Tango bearing when a target is engaged?

It is not recorded at the gun position Signup and view all the answers

When corrections are given for an artillery round that is left of the Oscar Tango line, what should be instructed?

Go right Signup and view all the answers

What tactical description is crucial for efficiently informing the Observer about a target's significance?

Estimated number of threats Signup and view all the answers

To achieve a 100-yard bracket during ranging, what is the procedure after obtaining the initial range?

Split the bracket progressively Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper response when a round lands short of the target during artillery engagement?

Add Signup and view all the answers

In combat scenarios, when should the armed commander report 'on target'?

After hitting the target before completing ranging Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the contextual significance of personal contact in target indication?

It poses a significant risk to personnel safety Signup and view all the answers

In the context of communicating target instructions, what is the role of colored smoke or tracer?

To visually mark the target location Signup and view all the answers

What type of correction includes a command such as 'Go right 200 add 400'?

Double correction Signup and view all the answers

What does the reporting of a grid reference typically entail during target indication?

Exact location identified in coordinates Signup and view all the answers

How is a recorded target generally identified for confirmation?

Using the reference point known to both sides Signup and view all the answers

What summary communication should the armoured commander relay if the Observer needs adjustments during fire correction?

Correcting fire to Oscar Tango Signup and view all the answers

What information is vital for an effective tactical description of a target?

Types of potential threats it poses Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows the infantry commander to directly communicate with the tank commander while mounted?

Infantry socket Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of using radio communication between infantry and tank commanders?

It is subject to equipment breakdown Signup and view all the answers

Which advantage of visual signals makes them safer than using the infantry socket?

They do not require a tank to close proximity Signup and view all the answers

How can an infantryman indicate that a target has been destroyed without using verbal communication?

Raising and lowering their helmet several times Signup and view all the answers

What common signal indicates to the tank commander that a target has been engaged?

Thumbs up Signup and view all the answers

What must visual signals do effectively to be successful in combat situations?

Attract the tank commander's attention Signup and view all the answers

Which situation is most likely to hinder the use of visual signals during target indication?

Poor terrain visibility due to dust or smoke Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT suggested for indicating the direction of a target visually?

Thumbs up Signup and view all the answers

What immediate action should the Infantry take when the deployment of the base of fire is affected?

Hand over the situation to the Commanding Officer. Signup and view all the answers

When should the infantry commander provide corrections to the tank commander during target engagement?

When the tank fires inaccurately Signup and view all the answers

During the Quick Attack orders, what is the main mission of the Squadron Commander?

Destroy enemy troops with anti-tank guns. Signup and view all the answers

Which communication method is least secure during combat due to exposure?

Personal contact Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the infantry socket provide over radio communication?

More secure communication Signup and view all the answers

Which type of ammunition is primarily designated for light and medium tanks?

High Explosive Plastic (HEP) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'formation arrowhead bound' specify in military orders?

The spacing and arrangement of units. Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if an infantryman raises the muzzle of their rifle during target indication?

Target is too low Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum effective range in meters for a coaxial machine gun targeting infantry?

1,800 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Driver's orders regarding the axis of advance?

To ensure they stay directly behind the troop leader. Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the element used to ensure clarity in fire control orders?

Description Terms Signup and view all the answers

What should the Gunner communicate once ready to fire at the battle site?

Round is loaded. Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk of using colored flags in the battlefield?

They may reveal positions to the enemy Signup and view all the answers

In a fire control order, what must the Troop Leader always provide during a detailed contact report?

Grid Reference Signup and view all the answers

What does 'CC 10' refer to in military communication?

A specific call sign for the Squadron Commander. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the infantry when coordinating with tanks during engagement?

Indicating enemy positions and targets Signup and view all the answers

When using fire control orders, what does 'Wilco' indicate in the communication chain?

Acknowledgment of the order Signup and view all the answers

Which method is employed when the squadron commander initiates communication before an operation?

Warning order. Signup and view all the answers

How far in advance should readiness be reported by units as per the order structure?

In 5 minutes. Signup and view all the answers

What type of tanks does the High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) ammunition target primarily?

Heavy Tanks and Bunkers Signup and view all the answers

In a communication example, which phrase is typically used to denote an immediate contact report by a Tank Commander?

Contact out. Signup and view all the answers

When engaging targets, what should the Infantry's first communication emphasize?

Correction of previous fire. Signup and view all the answers

Which ammunition type is suitable for neutralizing infantry and unarmored vehicles?

Coaxial machine gun Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the term 'Dart 1500' as used in military orders?

A specific time for reporting readiness. Signup and view all the answers

In the communication example, how do troops acknowledge receipt of the Squadron Commander’s orders?

By sending a 'roger' confirmation. Signup and view all the answers

What must the gunner do after laying the gun on the target and acquiring it?

Laser the target before firing Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used in fire control orders to indicate a position for targeting an enemy tank?

Hull Axis Signup and view all the answers

What does the phrase 'inter-troop distance 250' signify in the context of formation?

Spacing between vehicles should be 250 yards. Signup and view all the answers

At what point is the Troop Leader required to provide orders during the advance?

Simultaneously with the advance of troops. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when the Tank Commander states 'Wilco out'?

Confirmed orders understood and will comply. Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in the initial fire control orders?

Information necessary for target engagement Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is not associated with fire control orders?

Complexity Signup and view all the answers

Who is typically designated as the commander of the base of fire?

The most senior troop leader Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the base of fire during an operation?

To provide cover and support for advancing troops Signup and view all the answers

Which kind of troops should form part of a squadron's base of fire?

Heavy Anti-Tank and mechanized infantry Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence is correct for giving fire control orders?

Gunner, Ammunition, Lay for line, Range Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Base of Fire Commander fulfill after positioning the base of fire?

Distribute fire control orders Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'H Hour' in tactical communication?

It is the start time for attacks Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of fire control orders?

To communicate and control firing of weapon systems Signup and view all the answers

What specific action does a Base of Fire Commander need to take regarding targets?

Control the fire of respective troops Signup and view all the answers

What type of ammunition is designated by 'Dart'?

Armor piercing rounds for heavy tanks Signup and view all the answers

What phrase signifies acknowledgment in tactical communication?

Wilco Signup and view all the answers

In a fire control order, what follows after announcing the ammunition type?

Range Signup and view all the answers

Which command would usually precede the distribution of fire in a tactical order?

Warning signal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Artillery Target Indication Procedure

Artillery fire is essential for mission success in combat operations.
Armoured commanders must learn the artillery target indication procedure to request fire support effectively.
Procedure is divided into four parts: communication, target indication, ranging and bracketing, and voice procedure during shooting.

Part 1: Communication and Voice Procedure

Each artillery battery is assigned to support an Armoured Regiment with designated tanks for observers.
Battery commanders operate under call signs 96, while Forward Observation Officers (FOOs) use call signs 96A, 96B, and 96C.
Two wireless sets are fitted in observer tanks—one for regiment/squadron net and the other for artillery net.
Voice Procedure Differences:
- Initial transmission begins with "Target Target Target."
- Commands must be repeated verbatim by both commanders.
- Figures are transmitted without preceding prowords.
- Incorrect transmissions should be corrected with "wrong" followed by the correct details.

Part 2: Indication and Engagement of Targets

Target indication begins with a warning "Target Target Target."
Location of the target can be identified using:
- Grid Reference (GR): e.g., 673185.
- Target Grid Correction from Reference Point: Clearly visible reference points.
- Recorded Target Numbers: Immediate importance relies on previously surveyed targets.
- Battery Salvo Reference: For difficult terrain, using a concentrated artillery salvo provides a reference.
- Visual Signals: Colored smoke or tracer rounds to indicate the target.
- Personal Contact: Infantry may mount the tank for direct communication.
Oscar Tango (OT) Bearing:
- Indicates the grid bearing from the commander to the target.
- Must be provided each time the target is engaged, reported to the nearest degree.
Target Description: Includes tactical and physical characteristics to gauge fire requirements.
Execution Instructions: Define what actions to take like destroy or neutralize with specified timing (e.g. "2 Minutes now").

Part 3: Ranging and Bracketing

Observers correct fire based on the OT reference line.
Corrections indicate where to adjust fire depending on round location relative to the target.
The ranging process involves:
- Direct fire corrections.
- Bracketing by progressively narrowing range until precise targeting.
Experienced commanders may order double corrections for efficiency.

Part 4: Examples

Communication examples showcase common scenarios like:
- Immediate identification of targets by observers.
- Correction requests for targets not immediately identified.
- Using battery salvos as reference points when visibility is compromised.

Infantry-Tank Target Indication Procedure

Infantries and tanks enhance combat effectiveness when coordinated closely, helping each other to overcome enemy defenses.
The procedure aims to facilitate infantry's request for tank support in neutralizing enemy weapons.

Part 1: Communication Means

Radio Communication:
- Advantages include speed and flexibility but prone to interference.
Infantry Socket:
- Allows direct communication but exposes infantry to fire.
Visual Signals:
- Safer for infantry but can be ineffective in poor visibility.
- Methods include colored flags, very light signals, and hand signals.
Personal Contact:
- Most effective but exposes infantry commander to danger.

Part 2: Target Indication Challenges

Attracting Attention:
- Tank commanders may be busy and hard to divert to targets.
Directing Focus to the Target:
- Involves using advances, features, and shots as reference points.
Providing Accurate Ranges:
- Infantry give rough estimates, and tank commanders adjust.
Describing Targets Clearly:
- Use identifiable landmarks for clarity in communication.
Executing Fire Orders:
- Commands must specify whether to destroy or neutralize targets.
Correcting Fire:
- Infantry commanders must guide tank fire corrections as needed.

Summary

Mastering the artillery target indication and infantry-tank communication procedures is critical for ensuring effective use of combined arms in combat situations. Clear communication, target definition, and accurate corrections are essential components of achieving mission success.### Communication Between Infantry and Tanks
Infantry provides specific targeting instructions to tanks using coded messages.
Adjustments for target firing include direction (right or left) and distance (add or drop meters).
Successful hits are confirmed through radio communication, indicating target neutralization.

Orders on Marching Column (OOM)

OOM occurs when enemy capacities exceed those manageable by a squadron.
If multiple troops are deployed for base fire, squadron commanders issue attack orders on-the-move.
Action must be completed within a 40-minute timeframe.

Sequence of Command

Orders originate from the Squadron Commander to Troop Leaders and down to Tank Commanders.
Communication includes warnings, execution plans, and troop formations for advancement.

Squadron Commander's Orders for Advance

Warning orders begin with situational analysis, mission objectives, and execution strategies.
Key parameters include axes of advance, troop formations, and inter-troop distances.
Coordination and reporting readiness are emphasized for operational efficiency.

Troop Leader Orders for Advance

Similar structure as Squadron Commander orders, with focus shifted to specific troops and detailed movement strategies.
Emphasis on maintaining communication and confirming understanding among all involved stations.

Tank Commander Briefing for Advance

Tank crew readiness is checked and confirmed before movement.
Orders specify the axis of advance, formation, and methods of movement for effective coordination.
Responsibilities include ensuring communication amongst crew members regarding target engagement.

Base of Fire Command Orders

Base of fire typically consists of supportive infantry and armored units for sustained engagement.
Details include positioning and roles for troops during the attack, outlining specific targets.

Fire Control Orders (FCOs)

FCOs delineate initial and subsequent firing orders, clarifying roles during engagement.
Characteristics of FCOs include brevity, accuracy, clarity, and rapidity.
Sequence of communication in fire orders includes targeting assignments, ammunition types, and firing commands.

Ammunition and Weapon Specifications

Specific terms are used to identify types of ammunition suited for various targets and engagement scenarios.
Types of ammunition include High Explosive (HE), Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized (APFSDS), and High Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT).

Communication Protocol

Range terms utilize numeric representations for clarity in distance communication.
Descriptive terms guide identification of targets, ensuring prompt and precise actions during engagements.

Immediate and Detailed Contact Reports

Contact reports provide timely updates to commanders, detailing presence and actions of enemy units.
Effective reporting answers critical questions regarding the timing, location, and movements of threats.

Differences in Reporting

Tank Commanders report engagements based on direct observations and target actions.
Troop Leaders provide broader situational context, incorporating organizational movements and suggestions for tactical responses.