CH 9: Artificial Selection

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between artificial selection and natural selection?

  • Artificial selection happens in the wild, while natural selection is controlled by humans.
  • Artificial selection is based on human choice, while natural selection is based on environmental pressures. (correct)
  • Artificial selection is random, while natural selection is goal-oriented.
  • Artificial selection leads to reduced genetic diversity, while natural selection does not.

Which process has led to the creation of numerous dog breeds tailored to human preferences?

  • Adaptation
  • Natural selection
  • Artificial selection (correct)
  • Genetic mutation

What has the intense selective breeding of certain dog breeds resulted in?

  • No impact on genetic diversity or health
  • Enhanced adaptability to changing environments
  • Reduced genetic diversity and increased susceptibility to health problems (correct)
  • Increased genetic diversity and improved health

Which of the following best describes the purpose of artificial selection?

<p>To enhance specific desirable traits in animals or plants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen when artificial selection focuses heavily on purebred populations?

<p>Increased risk of genetic disorders and diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How have crop species been affected by artificial selection?

<p>Dramatically transformed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are certain dog breeds susceptible to genetic disorders due to artificial selection?

<p>Reduced genetic diversity within purebred populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the benefits of artificial selection in crops mentioned in the text?

<p>Increased yields (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did early farmers select plants with desirable traits in maize?

<p>To have seeds that remained on the cob (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential drawback of artificial selection is highlighted in the text?

<p>Loss of genetic diversity in crops (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of focusing on specific traits in animals through artificial selection?

<p>Increase in genetic diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why can the reliance on a narrow range of crop varieties be problematic?

<p>It reduces biodiversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a key responsibility associated with artificial selection?

<p>Managing genetic diversity carefully (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does artificial selection demonstrate about human capability according to the text?

<p>Ability to shape the environment and meet needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding and maintaining genetic diversity important according to the text?

<p>It is crucial for ecological balance and agricultural sustainability. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one drawback of artificial selection in crop species mentioned in the text?

<p>Vulnerability to diseases and pests due to loss of genetic diversity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait was NOT specifically mentioned as being selected for by early farmers in maize?

<p>Seeds that fell off the cob easily (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a focus on particular traits in animals through artificial selection lead to unforeseen consequences?

<p>As a result of neglecting other essential traits like disease resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What problem can arise from the reliance on a narrow range of crop varieties?

<p>Higher susceptibility to threats and reduced biodiversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the consequence of years of breeding for specific traits in crop species?

<p>Loss of genetic diversity leading to vulnerability to diseases and pests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way does artificial selection in crops differ from natural selection?

<p>Natural selection is random, whereas artificial selection is purposeful and directed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does genetic diversity play in maintaining ecological balance according to the text?

<p>It helps crops resist diseases and pests. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some crop species become more vulnerable to diseases and pests as a result of artificial selection?

<p>'Desirable traits' may lead to a loss of genetic diversity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Years of breeding for specific traits such as size and yield' primarily refer to what kind of process according to the text?

<p>'Artificial selection' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between artificial selection and natural selection?

<p>In natural selection, environmental pressures dictate evolutionary changes, while in artificial selection, humans choose which traits are desirable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of intense selective breeding within purebred dog populations?

<p>Greater susceptibility to genetic disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do humans actively choose which animals or plants reproduce in artificial selection?

<p>To perpetuate specific desirable traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has artificial selection in crop species had a profound impact on?

<p>Agriculture and food production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the impact of artificial selection on genetic diversity in certain dog breeds?

<p>Genetic diversity decreases, leading to susceptibility to genetic disorders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do humans play in deciding which characteristics are advantageous in artificial selection?

<p>Active role in choosing desirable traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do certain dog breeds face health problems due to artificial selection?

<p>As a result of reduced genetic diversity from intense selective breeding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does artificial selection differ from natural selection in terms of decision-making?

<p>Humans decide advantageous traits in artificial selection, but in natural selection, it is determined by chance. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with artificial selection mentioned in the text?

<p>Higher susceptibility to diseases and pests in crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the neglect of certain traits in animals impact them as highlighted in the text?

<p>Results in unforeseen consequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an outcome of intense selective breeding within purebred dog populations according to the text?

<p>Higher susceptibility to genetic disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can focusing on specific traits in animals through artificial selection lead to unforeseen consequences?

<p>By neglecting other important traits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the reliance on a narrow range of crop varieties pose a problem according to the text?

<p>It makes food supplies more susceptible to threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main benefits of artificial selection in crops as mentioned in the text?

<p>More nutritious and easier-to-harvest crops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has selective breeding impacted the genetic diversity of some crop species?

<p>Reduced it, making crops more vulnerable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a consequence of years of breeding for specific traits in animal species?

<p>Neglecting crucial traits like disease resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does artificial selection differ from natural selection in terms of genetic diversity?

<p>Natural selection reduces genetic diversity, while artificial selection can reduce or maintain it (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with intense selective breeding within purebred dog populations?

<p>Higher susceptibility to health issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between artificial and natural selection?

<p>Artificial selection relies on human intervention, while natural selection is driven by environmental pressures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way has artificial selection impacted genetic diversity in certain dog breeds?

<p>Decreased genetic diversity making some breeds prone to genetic disorders. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some purebred dog populations face health issues as a consequence of artificial selection?

<p>As a result of reduced genetic diversity causing vulnerability to health problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does artificial selection have on crop species' susceptibility to diseases and pests?

<p>It makes them more prone to diseases and pests due to reduced genetic diversity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do humans play in the process of artificial selection?

<p>Actively choosing which animals or plants reproduce based on desirable traits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does intense selective breeding impact the genetic makeup of certain dog breeds?

<p>It decreases genetic diversity, making breeds more susceptible to genetic disorders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential issue arises when artificial selection focuses heavily on purebred populations?

<p>Greater susceptibility to genetic disorders and health issues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of reduced genetic diversity in certain dog breeds due to intense selective breeding?

<p>Higher probability of encountering genetic disorders or health problems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are some crop species more vulnerable to diseases and pests as a result of artificial selection?

<p>Because of decreased genetic diversity resulting from selective breeding practices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes artificial selection from natural selection?

<p>Humans decide advantageous characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a consequence of intense selective breeding within purebred dog populations?

<p>Greater susceptibility to health problems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the impacts of artificial selection on crop species?

<p>Increased vulnerability to diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has artificial selection influenced the creation of various dog breeds?

<p>Enhanced diversity in physical attributes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to certain dog breeds facing health issues?

<p>Breeding for specific traits (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way has artificial selection impacted the genetic diversity of dogs?

<p>Led to reduced genetic diversity in certain breeds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of intense selective breeding within dog populations?

<p>Higher risk of genetic disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are certain dog breeds susceptible to genetic disorders according to the text?

<p>Because of reduced genetic diversity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way artificial selection differs from natural selection according to the text?

<p>Humans determine advantageous traits in artificial selection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of reduced genetic diversity in crop species due to artificial selection?

<p>Higher vulnerability to diseases and pests (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to understand and maintain genetic diversity in agricultural settings?

<p>To ensure resilience against threats and maintain biodiversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of artificial selection, what is a potential risk associated with focusing on specific traits in animal populations?

<p>Neglecting other important traits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does relying on a narrow range of crop varieties exacerbate problems in agriculture?

<p>By reducing biodiversity and making food supplies more vulnerable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the drawbacks associated with intense selective breeding in purebred dog populations?

<p>Reduced overall health (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has artificial selection shaped maize into the staple crop known today?

<p>By selecting for larger ears, fewer stems, and seeds on the cob (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Years of breeding for specific traits such as size and yield' primarily refer to which process according to the text?

<p>Artificial selection in crop species (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does genetic diversity play in shaping the domesticated world around us according to the text?

<p>It assists in maintaining ecological balance and resilience. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphasized as a key responsibility associated with managing artificial selection's potential risks?

<p>Managing genetic diversity and potential risks carefully (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential benefit of artificial selection in relation to shaping crops for human consumption according to the text?

<p>Cultivation of crops that are more nutritious and easier to harvest (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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