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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the role of medical technology in healthcare?
Which of the following best describes the role of medical technology in healthcare?
- It primarily focuses on technological achievements such as pacemakers and heart-lung machines.
- It encompasses any intervention used for the safe and effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. (correct)
- It is limited to the treatment of diseases, focusing on interventions after the onset of illness.
- It is restricted to early devices like crutches and wooden teeth, with little relevance to modern medicine.
What insight did the discovery of a 3000-year-old mummy with a wooden prosthetic toe provide regarding biomedical engineering?
What insight did the discovery of a 3000-year-old mummy with a wooden prosthetic toe provide regarding biomedical engineering?
- It revealed advanced knowledge of biomechanics in ancient civilizations.
- It demonstrated that biomedical engineering has ancient roots, indicating its presence for thousands of years. (correct)
- It suggested that wooden prosthetics were commonly used for aesthetic purposes.
- It confirmed that ancient Egyptians were the first to use prosthetics.
What was the primary significance of Roentgen's discovery of X-ray imaging in the evolution of medical technology?
What was the primary significance of Roentgen's discovery of X-ray imaging in the evolution of medical technology?
- It allowed doctors to visualize electrical charges in the heart during contractions.
- It enabled the diagnosis of bone fractures and the visualization of organ systems, marking a major advance in medical diagnostics. (correct)
- It provided the first widely used mechanical device for artificial respiration.
- It led to the development of refrigeration techniques for storing blood.
How did Einthoven's development of the electrocardiogram (ECG) influence medical diagnostics?
How did Einthoven's development of the electrocardiogram (ECG) influence medical diagnostics?
What critical advancement in medical technology occurred in the 1920s that significantly impacted healthcare practices?
What critical advancement in medical technology occurred in the 1920s that significantly impacted healthcare practices?
How did the invention of the 'iron lung' in 1929 revolutionize the treatment of respiratory paralysis?
How did the invention of the 'iron lung' in 1929 revolutionize the treatment of respiratory paralysis?
What was the primary purpose of the heart-lung machine developed in 1935, and how did it impact surgical procedures?
What was the primary purpose of the heart-lung machine developed in 1935, and how did it impact surgical procedures?
In what significant way did the development of the electron microscope in 1931 advance the field of biomedical research?
In what significant way did the development of the electron microscope in 1931 advance the field of biomedical research?
During the 1940s and 1950s, what breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine provided a method for visualizing arteries and veins?
During the 1940s and 1950s, what breakthrough in cardiovascular medicine provided a method for visualizing arteries and veins?
What critical role does an implanted pacemaker play in managing heart conditions?
What critical role does an implanted pacemaker play in managing heart conditions?
What is the fundamental principle behind measuring pressure, and how is it defined in scientific terms?
What is the fundamental principle behind measuring pressure, and how is it defined in scientific terms?
How is the SI unit for pressure, the pascal (Pa), defined in terms of physical quantities?
How is the SI unit for pressure, the pascal (Pa), defined in terms of physical quantities?
What is the equivalent value of 1 pascal (1 Pa) when expressed in units of 'millimeters of mercury' (mmHg)?
What is the equivalent value of 1 pascal (1 Pa) when expressed in units of 'millimeters of mercury' (mmHg)?
Why is blood pressure considered an essential physiological parameter in medical diagnostics?
Why is blood pressure considered an essential physiological parameter in medical diagnostics?
What are the three primary factors that directly influence blood pressure values in an individual?
What are the three primary factors that directly influence blood pressure values in an individual?
What is the recommended upper limit for normal blood pressure in an adult, expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) for both systolic and diastolic pressures?
What is the recommended upper limit for normal blood pressure in an adult, expressed in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) for both systolic and diastolic pressures?
What does the term 'blood flow' primarily refer to in the context of the cardiovascular system?
What does the term 'blood flow' primarily refer to in the context of the cardiovascular system?
What critical functions does blood flow perform in sustaining the body’s physiological processes?
What critical functions does blood flow perform in sustaining the body’s physiological processes?
What is the scientific field dedicated to studying the physics of blood flow, including its dynamics and mechanics?
What is the scientific field dedicated to studying the physics of blood flow, including its dynamics and mechanics?
If 'Q' represents flow, what is the standard SI unit used to measure the volume of fluid passing per unit time?
If 'Q' represents flow, what is the standard SI unit used to measure the volume of fluid passing per unit time?
Flashcards
Artificial Organ
Artificial Organ
An artificial organ is a man-made device used to replace the functions of a faulty or missing organ of the human body.
Medical Technology
Medical Technology
Any intervention that may be used for safe and effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.
Who is Roentgen?
Who is Roentgen?
In 1896, he developed X-ray imaging.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
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Iron Lung
Iron Lung
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Heart-Lung Machine
Heart-Lung Machine
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Electron Microscope
Electron Microscope
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Angiography
Angiography
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Pacemaker
Pacemaker
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Pressure
Pressure
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Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
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Blood Flow
Blood Flow
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Study Notes
- An artificial organ is a man-made device to replace a faulty or missing human organ.
Outline of Topics:
- History of medical technology
- Artificial circulatory support
- Artificial heart
- Pacemakers
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
- Dialysis
- Ventilator
- Artificial pancreas
- Artificial liver
- Electrical stimulators
History of Medical Technology
- Medical technology is any intervention for safe and effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.
- Early technological achievements included crutches, platform shoes, and wooden teeth.
- Modern achievements include pacemakers, heart-lung machines, dialysis machines, diagnostic equipment, imaging, and artificial organs.
- Biomedical engineering has existed for thousands of years.
- In 2000, a German archeologist discovered a 3000-year-old mummy with a big toe prosthetic in Thebes.
- Egyptians used hollow reeds to examine internal human anatomy.
- In 1816, Rene Laennec invented the stethoscope.
The Evolution of the Modern Health Care System
- Prior to the 1900s, medicine had limited options for the common individual.
- Advances in science enabled medical researchers to make great progress at the turn of the 20th century.
- Early advances in the 1900s included medical diagnostics and imaging.
- In 1896, Roentgen developed X-ray imaging, initially for diagnosing bone fractures.
- Technology evolved to visualize organ systems using radio-opaque materials.
- Roentgen won the first Nobel Prize in 1901 for his invention.
- In 1906, Einthoven developed the electrocardiogram (ECG).
- ECGs show the pattern of electrical charges in the heart during contraction.
- The ECG is still used as a diagnostic tool
- Computer technology simplified and strengthened the ECG.
- Einthoven won the Nobel Prize in 1924 for his invention.
- The 1920s brought the development of refrigeration for storing blood.
- In 1929, Drinker invented the first mechanical respirator known as the "iron lung".
- The iron lung was the first widely used mechanical device for artificial respiration to treat respiratory paralysis.
- Patients were placed in a sealed tank with regulated pressure.
- In the 1930s, Gibson developed the heart-lung machine in 1935.
- The heart-lung machine is an artificial device that bypasses the heart and lungs, allowing for effective heart surgery.
- Ruska developed the electron microscope in 1931.
- The electron microscope provided the ability to visualize sub-cellular structures.
- The 1940s and 1950s had major developments in cardiovascular medicine.
- Cournand developed angiography in 1941.
- Angiography allows for local visualization of arteries and veins using a catheter and radio-opaque dyes.
- Zoll invented the pacemaker in 1955.
- The pacemaker is an implantable device for recreating the heart's natural rhythm.
Physiological Parameters
- Pressure, denoted by p or P, is the ratio of force to area and is applied over that area.
- The SI unit for pressure is the pascal (Pa), which equals one newton per square meter (N/m²).
- Other units of pressure include:
- Bar (1Pa = 10⁻⁵ Bar)
- Atmosphere (1Pa = 9.8692×10⁻⁶ atm)
- Millimeters of mercury (1Pa = 0.0075 mmHg)
Blood Pressure
- Blood pressure (BP), or arterial blood pressure, is the pressure exerted by circulating blood on blood vessel walls and is a principal vital sign.
- During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic (maximum) and diastolic (minimum) pressure.
- Blood pressure is one of the oldest physiological measurements.
- Observation of blood pressure allows dynamic tracking of cardiovascular pathologies.
- Blood pressure value depends on these three factors:
- Diameter of arteries
- Quantity of blood
- Blood viscosity
- Optimal blood pressure is lower than 120/80 mmHg (systolic/diastolic).
Flow
- Flow (Q) is the volume of fluid passing per unit time.
- The SI unit for flow is m³/s (cubic meters per second).
Blood Flow
- Blood flow is the continuous circulation of blood in the cardiovascular system.
- This process ensures the transportation of nutrients, hormones, metabolic wastes, O₂ and CO₂ throughout the body.
- Hemodynamics describes the physics of blood flow.
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