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Artificial Neural Networks
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Artificial Neural Networks

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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the backpropagation algorithm in a neural network?

  • To modify the weights and biases of the neural network (correct)
  • To calculate the output of the hidden layers
  • To initialize the weights and biases of the neural network
  • To determine the mean squared error loss
  • What is the order of calculations in a feedforward neural network?

  • o1, h1, h2
  • h1, h2, o1 (correct)
  • o1, h2, h1
  • h2, o1, h1
  • What is the purpose of step 2 in the training algorithm?

  • To determine the mean squared error loss (correct)
  • To modify the weights and biases of the neural network
  • To initialize the weights and biases of the neural network
  • To calculate the output of the hidden layers
  • What are the weights and biases initialized in the training algorithm?

    <p>w1, w2, w3, w4, w5, w6, wb1, b2, b3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is calculated in backpropagation after feedforward?

    <p>b3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the repeat loop in the training algorithm?

    <p>To repeat the process for N times</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the process of a neuron?

    <p>Multiplying each input by a weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of an activation function?

    <p>To turn an unbounded input into a predictable output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the range of the sigmoid function?

    <p>(0, 1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to big negative numbers when passed through the sigmoid function?

    <p>They become 0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the unit step function at x = 7?

    <p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of problem can a simple neuron solve?

    <p>Linear classifier problem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for combining the weighted inputs and bias?

    <p>w1* x1 + w2* x2 + b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the value of the hyperbolic tangent function at x = 7?

    <p>0.9999</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation of a simple neuron (Perceptron)?

    <p>It can only classify linearly separable problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the solution to the XOR problem in neural networks?

    <p>Adding a hidden layer to the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a hidden layer in a neural network?

    <p>To transform the inputs into a more useful representation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a neural network with multiple hidden layers?

    <p>Deep Learning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the output layer in a neural network?

    <p>To produce the final output of the network</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in training a neural network?

    <p>Constructing the neural network topology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the sex of an individual represented in the training data?

    <p>Male is represented as 0 and Female as 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the loss function in training a neural network?

    <p>To quantify how well the network is doing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the neural network in the given example?

    <p>y_pred</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of shifting the data in the training process?

    <p>To make the data easier to use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neural Networks

    • A neural network is a bunch of neurons connected together.
    • It can have multiple layers, including an input layer, one or more hidden layers, and an output layer.
    • A hidden layer is any layer between the input layer and output layer.

    Training a Neural Network

    • The process involves three steps: initialize weights, repeat forward and backward passes, and modify weights.
    • Forward pass: calculate outputs from inputs using current weights.
    • Backward pass: calculate error and modify weights to minimize error.

    Feedforward Neural Network

    • Calculate outputs from inputs using current weights.
    • Output of one layer is used as input to the next layer.

    Back Propagation

    • Calculate error and modify weights to minimize error.
    • Calculate errors for each layer, starting from the output layer and moving backwards.

    XOR Problem

    • A simple neuron (perceptron) cannot classify XOR problem.
    • Solution is to add a hidden layer to create a multilayer perceptron (MLP).

    Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)

    • A feedforward neural network with one or more hidden layers.
    • Can solve non-linear problems like XOR.

    Example Neural Network

    • Given a neural network with 2 inputs, 2 hidden neurons, and 1 output neuron.
    • Calculate output using given weights and activation functions.

    Building Blocks: Neurons

    • A neuron takes inputs, applies weights, adds bias, and passes through an activation function.
    • Activation function is used to turn an unbounded input into a predictable output.

    Activation Function

    • A commonly used activation function is the sigmoid function.
    • Sigmoid function outputs numbers in the range (0,1) and compresses (-∞, +∞) to (0,1).

    Linear Classifier

    • A simple neuron can solve linear classifier problems like OR.
    • But it cannot solve non-linear problems like XOR.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of artificial neural networks, including multilayer networks, feedforward networks, and back propagation. Test your knowledge of neural network concepts and algorithms.

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