Artificial Intelligence Overview

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

• AI simulates human intelligence, mimicking human actions and thought processes.
• John McCarthy coined the term AI in 1955.
• Arthur Samuel coined the term Machine Learning in 1959.
• John McCarthy created the programming language LISP.
• Waze Maps use a minimal design language and offer high customization.
• Google Maps are largely data-driven compared to Waze.
• AI is used in planning, scheduling, gaming, and robotics.

AI Domains

• Data Science
• Computer Vision
• Natural Language Processing (NLP)

Data Types

• Comma Separated Values (CSV)
• Spreadsheets
• Structured Query Language (SQL)

Learning Approaches

• Supervised Learning
• Unsupervised Learning

Data Science

• Interdisciplinary field using scientific methods, processes, and algorithms to extract insights from structured and unstructured data.
• Data Scientists use technology and social science to identify trends and manage data.

Corpus

• Refers to the total textual data gathered from numerous documents.

Script and Smart Bots

• Script bots use scripts; smart bots use larger databases.

Data Visualization

• Erroneous data, missing data, incorrect values, invalid or null values, and outliers are potential issues.

Flowcharts

• Visual representations of algorithms through a series of phases.

Project Life Cycle

• The sequence of phases a project goes through, from initiation to completion.

AI Bias

• AI systems can exhibit bias if trained on biased data, resulting in unfair or unethical decisions.

AI in Education

• AI can personalize learning, adapt content to student progress, and help teachers assess student performance effectively.

Operating Systems

• Common operating systems include:
  • Interactive (GUI)
  • Real-time
  • Distributed
  • Windows
  • Linux
  • UNIX
  • Solaris
  • BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions)
• Mobile operating systems include Android, Symbian, and iOS.

Threats to Computer Systems

• Natural threats (fire, flood, lightning)
• Human threats (theft, viruses, trojan horses, worms, spyware, online predators, online scams).

Measures to Protect a Computer

• Establishing user accounts and strong passwords.
• Implementing security software.
• Using protective software like anti-viruses (Norton, Kaspersky, McAfee, AVG, Bit Defender, Avast).

Keylogger

• Hardware that captures keystrokes, used for malicious purposes.

AI Implementations

• AI is present in video games, Siri, self-driving cars, Netflix, Google Translate, music and media, smartphones, Snapchat and Instagram Filters, online advertising, smart home devices, online services, products search capabilities, Google Maps, ride-sharing services (Uber), and virtual chefs.

AI Model Evaluation

• Assessing AI model performance through training and testing with provided data.
• Scenario types for predictions: True Positive, True Negative, False Positive, False Negative.
• Evaluation Metrics: Accuracy, Recall, Precision, F1-score.

This quiz covers the essentials of Artificial Intelligence (AI), including its history and key figures like John McCarthy and Arthur Samuel. Explore the different domains of AI, data types used, and learning approaches such as supervised and unsupervised learning. Test your understanding of how AI is applied in various fields like data science and robotics.