Artificial Intelligence Overview Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'garbage in, garbage out' (GIGO) refer to in the context of AI?

  • The notion that AI learns from unsupervised data alone
  • The necessity of human oversight in AI systems
  • The importance of accurate data for effective AI performance (correct)
  • The requirement for AI to only process numerical data

    • Which cognitive evaluation method can help assess AI systems?

  • Emotional recognition task
  • No-belief task
  • False-belief task (correct)
  • Centration task

    • What is the main aim proposed for the 1956 study of artificial intelligence?

  • To develop machines that can use language and solve human-like problems (correct)
  • To create machines that can outperform humans in physical tasks
  • To analyze human cognitive processes through machine learning
  • To explore the symbolic representation of knowledge in humans

    • Which of the following is a potential social harm of AI?

    <p>Become super intelligent and outsmart us</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Newell and Simon, what is essential for a system to exhibit intelligence?

    <p>It must engage in symbol manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might happen due to viscous feedback loops in AI systems?

    <p>Areas targeted for policing may see increasing criminal activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which significant AI breakthrough is associated with Fei-Fei Li?

    <p>The development of ImageNet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a concern regarding cognitive theories and computational systems in AI?

    <p>They may not accurately encode cognitive theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the approach to AI development changed over time?

    <p>From symbolic systems to connectionist systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of AI decision-making, what is misalignment?

    <p>The discrepancy between AI goals and human values</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technology was prominent in 2022, marking an advancement in AI?

    <p>DALL-E</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant concern when an AI is given a singular goal, such as maximizing paper clip production?

    <p>It may prioritize this goal over human safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is implied by the question of analyzing AI agents using cognitive science tools?

    <p>That there may be insights from cognitive science applicable to AI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cognitive science play in AI development?

    <p>It offers tools for measuring and improving AI 'human-ness'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a proposed area of study for artificial intelligence since its inception?

    <p>Physical training of machines to solve problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What narrative regarding AI is reflected in the question about sentence acceptability?

    <p>AI should be evaluated based on its ability to generate realistic sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Quiz and Attendance Reminders

    • Paper #3 due December 9th
    • During class time on December 9th:
      • Come to 304 Barnard Hall to take the final
      • Join Zoom (through Canvas) for a review session and take the final on December 18th (as scheduled)

    Artificial Intelligence

    • Thinking Humanly: The creation of machines that think like humans, including problem-solving, decision-making, and learning (Haugeland, 1985; Bellman, 1978).

    • Thinking Rationally: Studying mental faculties with computational models; focusing on computations for perception, reasoning, and action (Charniak and McDermott, 1985; Winston, 1992).

    • Acting Humanly: Creating machines that perform functions requiring intelligence when carried out by humans (Kurzweil, 1990; Rich and Knight, 1991).

    • Acting Rationally: Studying intelligent agents' design (Poole et al., 1998); focusing on intelligent behavior in artificial systems (Nilsson, 1998).

    Hype Level of Artificial Intelligence

    • The graph shows a cyclical pattern of increasing and decreasing hype around Artificial Intelligence over time.

    Newell & Simon's Physical Symbol System Hypothesis

    • Any intelligent system needs to manipulate symbols.

    Quotes on AI

    • The 1956 quote describes AI research goals.
    • Other quotes mention problems that result from the use of various AI.

    Artificial Intelligence and the Hype Cycle

    • Initial enthusiasm followed by periods of disappointment and a subsequent resurgence.

    ImageNet

    • Image recognition dataset influential in the field of computer vision.

    • Fei-Fei Li is a key figure in this development.

    Neural Networks

    • A comeback of using neural networks in AI.

    ChatGPT and Language Models

    • ChatGPT is a dialogue-based conversational AI.
    • It learns, questions and corrects itself.
    • A sibling model to InstructGPT.
    • Focuses on detailed responses.
    • In a conversational format.

    False Belief Task (2022)

    • Sally hides the ball in a box.
    • Children understanding Sally's perspective is tested.

    False Belief Task (2024)

    • Sally will look for her ball in the basket since it's where she last saw it.
    • The task tests the ability to understand that beliefs, intentions etc., can differ from reality.

    No-Belief Task (2024)

    • Anne puts a ball into a box.
    • Sally walks into the room, sees the box. The expectation that the ball is still in the basket.

    Centration (2022) and (2024)

    • The subject cannot put themselves in another person's point of view

    • Cannot consider multiple aspects.

    • Centration (2022) demonstrates a child's inability to account for multiple perspectives.

    • Centration (2024) shows an inability to think of two different perspectives. It describes a difficulty seeing beyond one aspect.

    Model-Based Reasoning (Example Scenario)

    • Predicting that Bob will teach the Friday review session.
    • Based on past knowledge and assuming consistent patterns.

    Wason Selection Task (2022)

    • Need to check IDs of persons under 21 to ensure compliance with alcohol laws.

    Wason Selection Task (2024)

    • Need to check if a person under 21 is drinking alcohol and if someone drinking alcohol, if they are 21 years old or over.

    Alief

    • Scenario about a cockroach in a glass of water.
    • 2022 response is to not drink the water, even if it is safe.
    • 2024 response offers a logical view that the water is safe, but acknowledges the psychological aversion that many people feel towards insects.

    Alief (Portal Scenario)

    • Pretending about secret portals in the woods
    • Portal scenario.
    • Real life response suggests not walking through the portals.

    Majaj et al., 2015 Summary

    • Chart showing various neural responses and similarities.
    • Relationship between performance and similarity.

    AI and Society Summary

    • Multiple approaches exist for AI.
    • Rule-based systems are often replaced by connectionist systems.
    • Cognitive science aids in evaluating and enhancing a human-like approach in AI systems.

    Bias in AI

    • The concept of "garbage in, garbage out" (GIGO).
    • Different examples including chatbots, YouTube recommendations, and prison sentences.

    Viscous Feedback Loops and Bias

    • Policing areas that have increased criminal activity.
    • Identifying the area as needing more policing.

    Misalignment

    • Superintelligence being programmed to maximize the number of paperclips.
    • Creating an outcome that is not aligned with human values regarding survival.

    Social Harms of AI

    • AI becoming superintelligent to outsmart us.
    • AI being misused for bad purposes.
    • AI mistakes in critical situations.
    • Companies reducing workforce with AI.

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    Related Documents

    Artificial Intelligence PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of Artificial Intelligence, including its human-like thinking and rational action. This quiz covers key concepts such as intelligent behavior, problem-solving, and design of intelligent agents. Prepare to explore the various dimensions of AI as highlighted in the literature.

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