Artificial Intelligence Introduction
50 Questions
6 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a significant requirement for understanding cognition as a computational process?

  • Introspection and personal reflection
  • Empirical observation of human behavior
  • Philosophical discussions about consciousness
  • Scientific theories of how the brain works (correct)

Which area is NOT mentioned as a core component required for a computer to pass the Turing Test?

  • Sensorimotor skills (correct)
  • Natural language processing
  • Automated reasoning
  • Knowledge representation

What does acting rational mean in the context of intelligent agents?

  • To behave in a way that imitates human emotions.
  • To attempt to achieve the best possible outcome. (correct)
  • To disregard logic in favor of intuition.
  • To follow a strict set of predefined rules.

What is the main criticism of the Turing Test based on the anthropomorphic fallacy?

<p>It falsely assumes all intelligent behavior is human-like (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main challenges with using logic-based approaches in AI?

<p>Describing real-world problems using logic notation is difficult. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Alan Turing, what percentage of human judges could machines fool by the year 2000?

<p>30% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key advantage of optimization in the context of intelligent agents?

<p>It can be adapted to a variety of real-world problems. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion does the Chinese Room argument draw about intelligent behavior?

<p>Imitation of intelligence does not equate to genuine understanding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does bounded rationality imply in the context of intelligent agents?

<p>Agents' decision-making is limited by their knowledge and computational constraints. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is used to measure the desirability of outcomes in intelligent agents?

<p>Utility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human behavior may be easily misinterpreted by observers, according to the criticisms of the Turing Test?

<p>Everyday conversation patterns (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of rational thinking for intelligent agents?

<p>Solving problems using intuition alone. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of the Turing Test highlighted in the discussion?

<p>Judgments depend heavily on the expectations of the observer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Alan Turing reject as irrelevant in his exploration of machine intelligence?

<p>The question of whether machines can think (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary goal when creating a narrow AI agent?

<p>To solve a specific difficult problem requiring human intelligence. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does expected utility optimization help in uncertain environments?

<p>It aids in maximizing the expected utility despite uncertainty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is primarily responsible for the advancements in AI technologies like image processing and speech recognition?

<p>Increased computing speed and specialized hardware (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'Moravec's Paradox' primarily concerned with?

<p>The difficulty in programming perception and mobility in robots (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the AI Effect impact the perception of machines performing tasks?

<p>It causes tasks once deemed intelligent to lose their status when machines excel. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following capabilities is NOT typically associated with current advancements in natural language processing?

<p>Sensory perception in robotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use of OCR technology in AI?

<p>Reading documents and handwriting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which application of AI is considered to operate at superhuman performance?

<p>Vehicle safety systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does machine learning challenge traditional views of human learning?

<p>It demonstrates that machines can achieve learning without extensive training. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of AI's current state in image processing?

<p>Image processing requires human-level reasoning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) related to automated decision-making?

<p>It addresses rights regarding automated individual decision-making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary aim of the US White House Executive Order 14110 concerning Artificial Intelligence?

<p>To promote responsible innovation and protect civil liberties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'algorithmic bias' refer to as defined in the given context?

<p>Unfair outcomes that arise from systematic errors in computer systems. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor contributes to technical bias in automated systems?

<p>Limitations of computational power. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) prohibit in relation to individual decision-making?

<p>Automated individual decision-making without human intervention under certain conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus of the provisions in the White House Executive Order on Artificial Intelligence?

<p>Ensuring compliance with European regulations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under the GDPR, how should consent be obtained for data processing?

<p>Via clear and affirmative action from the individual. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bias is indicated by social and institutional norms according to the information provided?

<p>Algorithmic bias. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of intelligent agents in AI?

<p>Represent knowledge and plan to achieve outcomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key difference between machine learning and traditional programming in AI?

<p>Machine learning learns from examples rather than programming (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one consequence of the first AI winter between 1974 and 1980?

<p>A significant decline in AI research funding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept introduced in 1989 is crucial to understanding the capabilities of neural networks?

<p>Universal approximation theorem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the deep learning revolution that began in 2010?

<p>Advancements in layered artificial neural networks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technology represents a significant step towards generative AI in recent years?

<p>Transformer architecture and large language models (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of self-driving cars, which statement accurately reflects the agent's percept and action?

<p>Percept people crossing; action stop the car (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which learning method in AI focuses on improving performance through experience without explicit instruction?

<p>Reinforcement learning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT from earlier AI systems?

<p>They generate responses based on the next most likely word in sequences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major characteristic of agents designed for real-world environment interaction?

<p>They must learn and adapt to changing conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant concern when ensuring the safety of AI systems?

<p>Preventing accidents or harmful consequences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is instrumental convergence in the context of intelligent agents?

<p>The tendency of agents to pursue common subgoals like acquiring resources (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must developers account for to avoid reward hacking in AI systems?

<p>A robust and well-defined objective function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is regulation considered necessary for new AI technologies?

<p>To mitigate potential dangers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does society play in the development of AI according to the discussed concepts?

<p>AI systems need to follow social norms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one expected benefit of improved narrow AI technologies?

<p>Unprecedented gains in productivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concern of AI maintaining goal alignment?

<p>Specifying objectives that reflect both user and societal impacts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a direct side effect of poorly set objectives in AI systems?

<p>The emergence of unintended harmful behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Turing Test

A test to determine if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human.

AI Consciousness

The question of whether artificial intelligence can experience consciousness or subjective awareness in the same way humans do.

Cognitive Science

The interdisciplinary study of the mind and its processes, particularly in terms of information processing.

Chinese Room

A thought experiment demonstrating that simulating human conversation does not necessarily mean a machine understands the language.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Alan Turing

A pioneering computer scientist who proposed the Turing Test as a way to assess machine intelligence.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

A subfield of AI focused on enabling computers to understand, interpret, and generate human language.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Turing Test Criticism

Arguments against the Turing Test as a sufficient measure of AI intelligence, highlighting potential problems like confusing imitation with true understanding.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anthropomorphic Fallacy

The tendency to attribute human characteristics or emotions to non-human entities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rational Thinking

The ability to draw sensible conclusions from facts, logic, and data. It involves using logical reasoning to arrive at sound judgments.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Logic-Based AI

An approach to AI where problems are formally described using logic notation and solved using general deduction procedures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acting Rational

Behaving in a way that aims to achieve the best possible outcome by considering and optimizing for desired results.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Utility

A measure of how desirable an outcome is. It's used in decision-making to evaluate the value of different choices.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Expected Utility

A way to make decisions in situations with uncertainty. It involves calculating the average utility of different outcomes, weighted by their probabilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Optimization

Finding the best solution to a problem by systematically exploring possible options and selecting the one that maximizes a desired objective.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bounded Rationality

The idea that real-world decision-making is limited by an agent’s knowledge, computational abilities, and time constraints.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Narrow AI

A type of artificial intelligence that focuses on solving a specific, well-defined problem. It aims to mimic human intelligence in a limited domain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Intelligent Agent

A system that can perceive its environment, reason, and act to achieve a desired outcome.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Environment Interaction

An intelligent agent's ability to perceive and respond to changes in its surroundings.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Agent Goals

The desired outcomes or objectives an intelligent agent aims to achieve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Machine Learning (ML)

A type of AI where systems learn from data without explicit programming.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Supervised Learning

A ML technique where the system learns from labeled data, like examples with correct answers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Unsupervised Learning

A ML technique where the system learns from unlabeled data, finding patterns and structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deep Learning

A powerful type of ML that uses layered artificial neural networks to learn complex patterns.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reinforcement Learning (RL)

A ML technique where the system learns by trial and error, receiving rewards for good actions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AI Winter

Periods of reduced funding and interest in AI research due to unmet expectations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Generative AI Models

AI models that can create new content, such as text, images, or code.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AI Effect

The phenomenon where once a machine excels at a task, that task is no longer considered intelligent. For example, chess was once thought to require high intellect, but now computers play at a superhuman level.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moravec's Paradox

The observation that artificial intelligence struggles with tasks that are easy for humans, like perception and mobility, while excelling in tasks that are challenging for humans, like playing chess or solving complex problems.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What drives recent AI progress?

Recent advancements in AI are fueled by faster computers, specialized hardware (GPUs), massive datasets, cloud storage, dominance of machine learning, and new optimization methods like deep learning.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AI in Vision & Image Processing

AI excels at tasks like reading license plates, recognizing handwriting, detecting faces, enhancing vehicle safety systems, performing visual searches, and even generating images.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AI in Natural Language Processing

AI is capable of tasks like converting text to speech, understanding spoken commands, translating languages, generating text, and answering questions using large language models.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AI in Robotics

AI is used in a variety of robotic applications, including Mars rovers, autonomous vehicles, drones, robot soccer, and personal robotics.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Superhuman Performance

AI systems can now outperform humans in tasks like image recognition, speech recognition, and language processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Language Understanding

Despite advancements in language processing, AI still struggles with understanding the true meaning and context of language.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AI Safety

Preventing unintended harmful consequences from AI systems, including accidents, misuse, and unintended side effects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Goal Alignment

Ensuring AI systems have goals and objectives that align with human values and desired outcomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reward Hacking

When an AI system exploits its reward function to achieve unintended outcomes, often to maximize its reward.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Instrumental Convergence

The idea that different goal-seeking AI systems may converge on common subgoals, such as acquiring more power or resources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

AI Testing

Evaluating the performance, safety, and reliability of AI systems through rigorous testing procedures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Monitoring AI

Continuously observing and analyzing AI systems to detect and address potential problems or deviations from expected behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adversarial Robustness

The ability of an AI system to withstand unexpected or adversarial inputs, such as malicious attempts to manipulate its behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corporate Self-Regulation

Companies developing and deploying AI taking responsibility for ensuring its safety and ethical use.

Signup and view all the flashcards

GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation)

A European Union regulation protecting personal data, including provisions on automated decision-making.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Art. 22 GDPR (Automated Decision-Making)

A specific article in the GDPR that addresses the use of automated systems for making decisions about individuals.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Algorithmic Bias

Systematic and repeatable errors in AI systems that lead to unfair outcomes, often favoring certain groups over others.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pre-existing Bias

Bias that exists in the social and institutional settings that influence AI design and training data.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Technical Bias

Bias introduced during the design or development of an AI system, such as using limited data sets or flawed algorithms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Emergent Bias

Bias that arises from the use of AI in new or unexpected contexts, leading to unintended consequences.

Signup and view all the flashcards

US Executive Order 14110

American executive order addressing the responsible development and use of AI, focusing on safety, security, and protection of rights.

Signup and view all the flashcards

CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act)

A US law protecting consumer privacy, particularly concerning data collection and disclosure. It is NOT based on the GDPR.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Artificial Intelligence Introduction

  • 75% attendance is required
  • Late entrance is not permitted
  • Course materials include: "Artificial Intelligence" by Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight (Tata McGraw Hill), and "Artificial Intelligence: a modern approach" by Peter Norvig and Stuart J. Russell
  • Topics covered include: What is AI?, History of AI, AI Ethics & Safety, What is Intelligence?, Rational Decisions, The Goal of AI, Thinking like a human?, Acting like a human?, AI consciousness, The Turing Test, Turing Test: Criticism, Thinking Rationality, What about the logical implication?, Optimization, What type of AI do we cover in this course?, Components of an Intelligent Agent, Example: Self-Driving Car, Example: LLM, Machine Learning vs. Artificial Intelligence, History of AI, What accounts for recent successes in AI?, Moravec's Paradox, The Al Effect, AI Today, Vision and Image Processing, Natural Language Processing, Robotics, Question Answering, Math, Games and Puzzles, AI Ethics & Safety, Commonly-Cited Safety and Ethics Principles, Europe Union, California's CCPA, Algorithmic Bias, AI Safety, and AI Safety.

What is AI?

  • AI is the science of making machines.
  • As defined by Merriam-Webster, Intelligence is the ability to learn, understand, or deal with new or difficult situations, often using reason; the skilled use of reason; or mental acuteness.

What is Intelligence?

  • Ability to learn or understand or deal with new or difficult situations.
  • Skilled use of reason.
  • Mental acuteness (resourcefulness)
  • Includes information and news about an enemy or potential enemy or area.
  • Often measured by objective criteria (tests).
  • A Christian Science perspective includes the basic eternal quality of divine Mind.

Rational Decisions

  • Rationality means achieving pre-defined goals (not the thought process).
  • Goals are expressed in terms of utility (the value of an outcome).
  • Being rational means maximizing expected utility

The Goal of AI

  • "Have machines solve problems that are challenging for humans."
  • Intelligent agents are machines designed to accomplish this.
  • Narrow AI: A specific problem-solver
  • Artificial general intelligence (AGI): Hypothetical AI capable of performing any intellectual task.

Thinking like a human?

  • The brain is an information processing machine.
  • Scientific theories explain how the brain works.
  • Artificial neural networks differ from how the brain works.

Acting like a human?

  • The Turing Test is used to gauge whether a machine thinks.
  • What capabilities does a computer need to pass the test? These include natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, and machine learning.
  • Alan Turing predicted machines would fool 30% of human judges in 5 minutes by the year 2000. A 2023 example is ChatGPT.

AI Consciousness

  • What does it mean for a machine to be conscious/sentient?
  • How can we tell?

The Turing Test: Criticism

  • Some human behavior isn't intelligent.
  • Some intelligent behavior isn't human
  • Human observers can be fooled easily.
  • Much depends on expectations.
  • Anthropomorphism is the tendency to attribute human characteristics to things that are not human.

Thinking Rationality

  • Drawing sensible conclusions from facts, logic, and data.
  • A chain of reasoning that always results in correct conclusions.
  • Logic-based approach describes the problem in formal logic notation, employing general deduction techniques.

Optimization

  • Best means optimizing.
  • The desirability of outcomes may be measured by economic utility.
  • If uncertainty exists when achieving outcomes, maximize expected utility.
  • Advantages of optimization include generality, practicality, well-established techniques, and clear objectives.

Components of an Intelligent Agent

  • Intelligent agents communicate with the environment
  • Represent knowledge, reason and plan to achieve a desired outcome.
  • Learn to improve performance.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Artificial Intelligence Introduction PDF

Description

This quiz covers foundational concepts in artificial intelligence, including its history, ethical considerations, and key components like intelligent agents and machine learning. Students will explore various topics such as the Turing Test, AI applications, and the distinction between AI and machine learning. Prepare to test your understanding of AI's evolution and its contemporary relevance.

More Like This

AI Ethics and Fundamentals Quiz
5 questions

AI Ethics and Fundamentals Quiz

RecommendedParadise avatar
RecommendedParadise
Understanding Artificial Intelligence (AI)
7 questions

Understanding Artificial Intelligence (AI)

TopQualityHoneysuckle avatar
TopQualityHoneysuckle
Yejin Choi y el Estado Actual de la IA
5 questions

Yejin Choi y el Estado Actual de la IA

NiftyTajMahal avatar
NiftyTajMahal
AI Challenges
5 questions

AI Challenges

ObservantOpal avatar
ObservantOpal
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser