Untitled Quiz

Speech Synthesis, Recognition, and Understanding

• Useful for applications with limited vocabulary.
• Challenges remain with unconstrained speech understanding.

Computer Vision

• Effective for constrained problems, such as reading hand-written zip codes.
• Difficulties persist in understanding natural, real-world scenes.

Learning

• Adaptive systems are implemented in various applications but have inherent limits.

Planning and Reasoning

• Successful in constrained environments, exemplified by games like chess.
• Complexity of real-world situations poses challenges for general systems.

Overall Insights

• Many components of intelligent systems are achievable.
• Numerous interesting research problems remain in the field.

AI Applications

• Language Translation: Google
• News Aggregation and Summarization: Google
• Speech Recognition: Nuance
• Song Recognition: Shazam
• Face Recognition: Recognizr
• Image Recognition: Google Goggles
• Question Answering: Apple Siri, IBM Watson
• Chess Playing: IBM Deep Blue
• 3D Scene Modeling: Microsoft Photosynth
• Driverless Cars: Companies like Google and Tesla
• Chatbots: Amy A.I.
• Augmented Reality Travel Guide: mTrip

State of AI Systems in Practice

• Email Communications: Email filters and smart replies.
• Social Media: Chatbots and proactive detection by Facebook.
• Web Searching: Predictive search by Google and algorithms used by YouTube.
• Stores and Services: Maps and directions, product recommendations by Amazon and Netflix, airline flights, banking, and digital voice assistants.

Current Capabilities in AI

• Playing a decent game of table tennis and bridge.
• Driving safely on varied road types.
• Online grocery purchases, including in-store options.
• Real-time translation and sustained conversation.
• Complex surgical operations and household tasks, such as unloading dishwashers.

Research Directions in AI

• Bionics: Human-focused approaches based on empirical research.
• Pragmatic Development: Rational approaches integrating mathematics and computer engineering.

Related Research Fields

• Knowledge Representation
• Reasoning and Automatic Proving
• Search and Optimization
• Problem Solving
• Learning and Understanding
• Pattern Classification and Recognition
• Planning

Societal Effects of AI

• Future implications of AI, including the risk of over-dependence leading to unemployment.
• Ethical considerations with AI in warfare, including autonomous weapon systems.
• Potential of AI to address unemployment and poverty while augmenting human intelligence.

Challenges and Questions in AI

• Potential to create human-level or bee-level intelligence.
• Development of self-improving, autonomous systems.
• Industry creation for handwriting recognition.
• Challenges in computation time, data information, and problem-solving complexity.

Notable Figures in AI

• Asimov, Clark, McCarthy, Minsky, Michie, Newell, Simon, Turing.

AI System Processes

• Demonstrating intelligence through effective communication.
• Capturing and preserving human expertise.
• Ability to reason, think critically, and respond quickly to large data sets.

Multi-Disciplinary Field of AI

• Foundations in Philosophy, Mathematics, Economics, Neuroscience, Psychology, Computer Engineering, Control Theory, Cybernetics, and Linguistics.

Foundations of AI

• Philosophy examines the nature of machine intelligence and knowledge.
• Psychology and Cognitive Science study human problem-solving.
• Neuroscience explores brain architecture.
• Computer Science focuses on algorithms, complexity theory, and programming languages.
• Mathematics and Physics contribute through statistical modeling and complex systems analysis.

Relevant Disciplines to AI

• Philosophy: Valid conclusions and knowledge acquisition.
• Mathematics/Statistics: Formal reasoning and uncertain information.
• Economics: Decision-making to maximize outcomes in competitive environments.
• Psychology: Exploration of human and animal cognition.
• Computer Science: Development of efficient computing systems.
• Linguistics: The relationship between language and thought.